Let’s see my suggestion actually helps. If it does, then you should thank me. :)

 — John

On Aug 20, 2014, at 7:37 AM, Thomas Covert <[email protected]> wrote:

> sorry if I was unclear - what I meant to say is that a single call to the 
> objective function and its gradients represents considerably more 
> computational work than what goes in inside the optimizer.
> 
> I will see if L-BFGS does a better job later today.  Thanks for your help.
> 
> -thom
> 
> On Wednesday, August 20, 2014 9:33:21 AM UTC-5, John Myles White wrote:
> It seems odd that your objective function takes less time than the 
> optimization routine itself, unless you include the calls to your objective 
> function in the cost of the optimization routine. The optimization routine 
> does very little work: most of the line search’s cost is induced by 
> repeatedly calling calling the objective function at trial points to decide a 
> stepsize.
> 
> The search path for L-BFGS is likely to be somewhat different from BFGS 
> because it uses a different approximation to the Hessian. Whether that 
> difference is substantive is problem-dependent.
> 
> — John
> 
> On Aug 20, 2014, at 7:23 AM, Thomas Covert <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
>> My (current) objective function has about 30 parameters, so N^2 complexity 
>> isn't a problem (storage-wise or matrix multiplication time wise).  Also, 
>> for my current work, the objective function is much slower than the 
>> optimization routine itself, so the overhead of a full inverse Hessian is 
>> relatively small.
>> 
>> In Optim.jl, L-BFGS seems to use the same line search routine as BFGS.  Is 
>> there a reason to think it should take substantively different search path?
>> 
>> 
>> -thom
>> 
>> On Wednesday, August 20, 2014 9:18:29 AM UTC-5, John Myles White wrote:
>> I don’t think I’m going to have time to look into this soon, but why do you 
>> use BFGS? In my experience L-BFGS is almost always better.
>> 
>> Of course, we want our BFGS code to be better. But I use BFGS only quite 
>> rarely because of its O(N^2) complexity.
>> 
>>  — John
>> 
>> On Aug 20, 2014, at 7:16 AM, Thomas Covert <[email protected]> wrote:
>> 
>>> Ok after reading the paper which the hz_linesearch! routine is based on, I 
>>> can see that I'm wrong about this.  Still puzzled, but definitely wrong!
>>> 
>>> On Tuesday, August 19, 2014 1:51:37 PM UTC-5, Thomas Covert wrote:
>>> I'm seeing this same error (ERROR: assertion failed: lsr.slope[ib] < 0) 
>>> again, and this time my gradients (evaluated at "reasonable" input values) 
>>> match the finite difference output generated by Calculus.jl's "gradient" 
>>> function.  The function I am trying to minize is globally convex (its a 
>>> multinomial logit log-likelihood).
>>> 
>>> I encounter this assertion error after a few successful iterations of BFGS 
>>> and it is caused by NAN's in the gradient of the test point.  BFGS gets to 
>>> this
>>> test point because the step size it passes to hz_linesearch eventually gets 
>>> to be large, and a big enough step can cause floating point errors in the 
>>> calculation of the the derivatives.  For example, on a recent minimization 
>>> attempt, the assertion error happens when "c" (the step size passed by bfgs 
>>> to hz_linesearch) appears to be about 380.
>>> 
>>> I think this is happening because hz_linesearch (a) expands the step size 
>>> by a factor of 5 (see line 280 in hz_linesearch) until it encounters upward 
>>> movement and (b) passes this new value (or a moving average of it) back to 
>>> the caller (i.e., bfgs).  So, the next time bfgs calls hz_linesearch, it 
>>> starts out with a potentially large value for the first step.
>>> 
>>> I don't really know much about line search routines, but is this way things 
>>> ought to be?  I would have thought that for each new call to a line search 
>>> routine, the step size should reset to a default value.
>>> 
>>> By the way, is it possible to enable display of the internal values of "c" 
>>> in the line search routines?  It looks like there is some debugging code in 
>>> there but I'm not sure how to turn it on.
>>> 
>>> -thom
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On Wednesday, July 30, 2014 6:24:26 PM UTC-5, John Myles White wrote:
>>> I’ve never seen our line search methods produce an error that wasn’t caused 
>>> by errors in the gradient. The line search methods generally only work with 
>>> function values and gradients, so they’re either buggy (which they haven’t 
>>> proven to be) or they’re brittle to errors in function definitions/gradient 
>>> definitions.
>>> 
>>> Producing better error message would be great. I once started to do that, 
>>> but realized that I needed to come back to fully understanding the line 
>>> search code before I could insert useful errors. Would love to see 
>>> improvements there.
>>> 
>>>  — John
>>> 
>>> On Jul 30, 2014, at 3:17 PM, Thomas Covert <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>>> I've done some more sleuthing and have concluded that the problem was on 
>>>> my end (a bug in the gradient calculation, as you predicted). 
>>>> 
>>>> Is an inaccurate gradient the only way someone should encounter this 
>>>> assertion error?  I don't know enough about line search methods to have an 
>>>> intuition about that, but if it is the case, maybe the line search routine 
>>>> should throw a more informative error?
>>>> 
>>>> -Thom
>>>> 
>>>> On Wednesday, July 30, 2014 3:44:51 PM UTC-5, John Myles White wrote:
>>>> Would be useful to understand exactly what goes wrong if we want to fix 
>>>> this problem. I’m mostly used to errors caused by inaccurate gradients, so 
>>>> I don’t have an intuition for the cause of this problem.
>>>>  
>>>> — John
>>>> 
>>>> On Jul 30, 2014, at 10:45 AM, Thomas Covert <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>>> No, I haven't tried that yet - might someday, but I like the idea of 
>>>>> running julia native code all the way...  
>>>>> 
>>>>> However, I did find that manually switching the line search routine to 
>>>>> "backtracking_linesearch!" did the trick, so at least we know the problem 
>>>>> isn't in Optim.jl's implementation of BFGS itself!
>>>>> 
>>>>> -thom
>>>>> 
>>>>> On Wednesday, July 30, 2014 12:43:16 PM UTC-5, jbeginner wrote:
>>>>> This is not really a solution for this problem but have you tried the 
>>>>> NLopt library? From my experience it produces much more stable results 
>>>>> and because of problems like the one you describe I have switched to it. 
>>>>> I think there is an L-BFGS option also. Although I did not get AD to work 
>>>>> with it. The description for all algorithms can be seen here:
>>>>> 
>>>>> http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Algorithms
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> On Wednesday, July 30, 2014 12:27:36 PM UTC-4, Thomas Covert wrote:
>>>>> Recently I've encountered line search errors when using Optim.jl with 
>>>>> BFGS.  Here is an example error message
>>>>> 
>>>>> ERROR: assertion failed: lsr.slope[ib] < 0
>>>>>  in bisect! at 
>>>>> /pathtojulia/.julia/v0.3/Optim/src/linesearch/hz_linesearch.jl:577
>>>>>  in hz_linesearch! at 
>>>>> /pathtojulia/.julia/v0.3/Optim/src/linesearch/hz_linesearch.jl:273
>>>>>  in hz_linesearch! at 
>>>>> /pathtojulia/.julia/v0.3/Optim/src/linesearch/hz_linesearch.jl:201
>>>>>  in bfgs at /pathtojulia/.julia/v0.3/Optim/src/bfgs.jl:121
>>>>>  in optimize at /pathtojulia/.julia/v0.3/Optim/src/optimize.jl:113
>>>>> while loading /pathtocode/code.jl, in expression starting on line 229
>>>>> 
>>>>> I've seen this error message before, and its usually because I have a bug 
>>>>> in my code that erroneously generates function values or gradients which 
>>>>> are very large (i.e., 1e100).  However, in this case I can confirm that 
>>>>> the "x" I've passed to the optimizer is totally reasonable (abs value of 
>>>>> all points less than 100), the function value at that x is reasonable (on 
>>>>> the order of 1e6), the gradients are  reasonable (between -100 and +100), 
>>>>> and the entries in the approximate inverse Hessian are also reasonable 
>>>>> (smallest abs value is about 1e-9, largest is about 7).  
>>>>> 
>>>>> This isn't a failure on the first or second iteration of BFGS - it 
>>>>> happens on the 34th iteration.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Unfortunately its pretty hard for me to share my code or data at the 
>>>>> moment, so I understand that it might be challenging to solve this 
>>>>> problem but any advice you guys can offer is appreciated!
>>>>> 
>>>>> -Thom
>>>> 
>>> 
>> 
> 

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