On Thursday, September 8, 2016 at 4:18:42 PM UTC-4, Mathieu 
Taschereau-Dumouchel wrote:
>
> Not quite because the x_i on the right-hand side also depend on a_j


If you just take the partial derivative of both sides with respect 
to aₖ (for k = 1..N), you will see that (given the solution vector x) you 
just get a *linear* system of equations for the gradient:

   ∂xⱼ/∂aₖ - b aⱼ ∑ᵢ (xᵢ)ᵇ⁻¹ ∂xᵢ/∂aₖ = δⱼₖ ∑ᵢ (xᵢ)ᵇ

Notice that the right-hand side is proportional to the identity matrix (δ 
denotes the Kronecker delta).   So, just form the matrix corresponding to 
the linear operator multiplying ∇ₐx on the left-hand side, and your 
Jacobian matrix ∇ₐx will then be the inverse of this matrix multiplied by 
∑ᵢ (xᵢ)ᵇ.

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