Wikimedia Bangladesh is hosting two months long article contest at Bangla Wikipedia to celebrate International Mother Language Day Take part and win prizes! <https://bn.wikipedia.org/s/96gp> [image: Close] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#> [Help with translations! <https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-WMBN_translateathon_2017> ] Open main menu <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileMenu>
- Edit <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#/editor/0> - Watch this page - Read in another language <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileLanguages/Deer_musk> Deer musk <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Primary_Form_of_Musk.jpg> A musk pod, obtained from the male musk deer <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk_deer> *Deer musk* is a substance with a persistent odor, obtained from a gland of the male musk deer <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk_deer> situated in its back/rectal area.[*dubious <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement> * ]The substance has been extensively used as a perfume <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume> fixative, incense <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense> material, and medicine, since ancient times. It was and still is one of the most expensive animal products in the world. The name originates from the Persian word moshk meaning "deer's navel". Although more commonly referred to as "musk <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk>", the term itself is often used to describe a wide variety of "musky" substances from other animals such as the African civet <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_civet> ("civet musk") or various synthetic musks <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_musk> whose compound exhibits some character of deer musk. Cultural historyEdit <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deer_musk&action=edit§ion=1> The etymology of the name *musk*, originating from Indian Sanskrit <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit> *मुस्कस्* *muṣká* via Middle Persian <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Persian> *مسک mušk*, Late Greek <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Greek> *μόσχος* (*moschos*), Late Latin <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin> *muscus*, Middle French <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_French>*musc* and Middle English <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English> *muske*,[1] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Merriam-1>[2] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-2> hints at its trade route. In Ayurveda <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda>, the ancient Indian medicinal system, musk has been used in various cardiac, mental and neurological disorders for centuries. It has also been included in various compound formulations. Musk deer—more commonly known as Kasturi in India—of the Himalayas is one of the most endangered species <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species> in the region. Scent glands from these deer can fetch thousands of rupees and are used for manufacturing perfume and medicine. Deer musk was unknown in the Western world in classical antiquity <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity> and reference to it does not appear until the 5th century AD when it is mentioned in the Talmud <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud> (Brachot 43.) as an animal-based fragrance. The 6th-century Greek explorer Cosmas Indicopleustes <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas_Indicopleustes> mentioned it as a product obtained from India <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/India>.[3] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Groom-3> Soon afterwards Arab and Byzantine <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine> perfume makers began to use it, and it acquired a reputation as an aphrodisiac <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodisiac>.[3] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Groom-3>Under the Abbasid Empire <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Empire> of Arabs it was highly regarded, and the caliphs <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph> of Baghdad <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad> used it lavishly. In the early 9th century, Al-Kindi <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi> included it in a large number of his perfume recipes and it became one of the important luxury items brought by Arabian ships from the East.[3] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Groom-3> Deer musk has been a key constituent in many perfumes since its discovery, being held to give a perfume long-lasting power as a fixative <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixative_%28perfumery%29>. Despite its high price, musk tinctures were used in perfumery until 1979, when musk deer were protected as an endagered species by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species_of_Wild_Flora_and_Fauna> (CITES). Today the trade quantity of the natural musk is controlled by CITES but illegal poaching <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaching> and trading continues.[4] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Kraft-4> <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Musk_1616.jpg> "Musk-cat", woodcut from *Hortus Sanitatis*, 1490 <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moschatta.jpg> Musk-Cat, 1658 HarvestingEdit <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deer_musk&action=edit§ion=2> <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moschustier.jpg> *Moschus moschiferus*, Siberian musk deer <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_musk_deer> The musk deer belongs to the family *Moschidae <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moschidae>* and lives in Nepal <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal>, India <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/India>, Pakistan <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan>, China <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/China>, Korea <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea>, Siberia <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia> and Mongolia <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia>. To obtain their musk, the deer is killed and its gland, also called "musk pod", is removed. It is dried either in the sun, on a hot stone, or by immersion in hot oil. Upon drying, the reddish-brown paste turns into a black granular material <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_material> called "musk grain", which is used for alcoholic solutions <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution>. The aroma of the tincture <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincture> becomes more intense during storage and gives a pleasant odor only after it is considerably diluted <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dilute>. No other natural substance has such a complex aroma associated with so many contradictory descriptions; however, it is usually described abstractly as animalic, earthy and woody[5] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Rimkus-5> or something akin to the odor of baby's skin.[4] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Kraft-4> Obtaining one kilogram (2.2 lb) of musk grains requires between thirty and fifty deer, making musk tinctures highly expensive. At the beginning of the 19th century, Tonkin musk grains cost about twice their weight in gold <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold>.[4] <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_musk#cite_note-Kraft-4> PropertiesEdit <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deer_musk&action=edit§ion=3> Good deer musk is of a dark purplish color, dry, smooth and unctuous to the touch, and bitter in taste. The grain of musk will distinctly scent millions of cubic feet of air without any appreciable loss of weight, and its scent is not only more penetrating but more persistent than that of any other known substance. In addition to its odoriferous principle, it contains ammonia <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia>, cholesterol <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol>, fatty matter, a bitter resinous <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin> substance, and other animal principles. The best quality is Tonkin <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkin> musk from Vietnam <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam>, followed by Assam <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam> and Nepal <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal> musk, while Carbadine musk from Russian and Chinese Himalayan regions are considered inferior. - <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deer_musk&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop> On Feb 1, 2017 1:09 PM, "Sameera samee" <[email protected]> wrote: > > ಸಮೀರ ( ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷಾ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕಿ > > -- > 1.ವಿಷಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆಗೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರನ್ನು ಸೇರಿಸಲು ಈ ಅರ್ಜಿಯನ್ನು ತುಂಬಿರಿ. > - https://docs.google.com/formsd1Iv5fotalJsERorsuN5v5yHG > uKrmpFXStxBwQSYXNbzI/viewform > 2. ಇಮೇಲ್ ಕಳುಹಿಸುವಾಗ ಗಮನಿಸಬೇಕಾದ ಕೆಲವು ಮಾರ್ಗಸೂಚಿಗಳನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಿ. > -http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/index.php/ವಿಷಯಶಿಕ್ > ಷಕರವೇದಿಕೆ_ಸದಸ್ಯರ_ಇಮೇಲ್_ಮಾರ್ಗಸೂಚಿ > 3. ಐ.ಸಿ.ಟಿ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆ ಬಗೆಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ರೀತಿಯ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಪುಟಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ > ನೀಡಿ - > http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Portal:ICT_Literacy > 4.ನೀವು ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಾ ? ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ > ತಿಳಿಯಲು -http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/ > Public_Software > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "KannadaSTF - ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷಾ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆ" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. > -- 1.ವಿಷಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆಗೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರನ್ನು ಸೇರಿಸಲು ಈ ಅರ್ಜಿಯನ್ನು ತುಂಬಿರಿ. - https://docs.google.com/formsd1Iv5fotalJsERorsuN5v5yHGuKrmpFXStxBwQSYXNbzI/viewform 2. ಇಮೇಲ್ ಕಳುಹಿಸುವಾಗ ಗಮನಿಸಬೇಕಾದ ಕೆಲವು ಮಾರ್ಗಸೂಚಿಗಳನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಿ. -http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/index.php/ವಿಷಯಶಿಕ್ಷಕರವೇದಿಕೆ_ಸದಸ್ಯರ_ಇಮೇಲ್_ಮಾರ್ಗಸೂಚಿ 3. ಐ.ಸಿ.ಟಿ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆ ಬಗೆಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ರೀತಿಯ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಪುಟಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಿ - http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Portal:ICT_Literacy 4.ನೀವು ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಾ ? ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ತಿಳಿಯಲು -http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Public_Software --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "KannadaSTF - ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷಾ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆ" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To post to this group, send an email to [email protected]. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
