We solved this problem thanks to Casten Strotmann.
Thie Post is for everyone facing the same problem.

Last week, I migrated the network where our notebooks are provisioned. These 
devices boot via PXE and then receive data from SCCM through a ProxyDHCP. 
Previously, we also provided server and data files, but since the colleagues 
from the Windows team like to modify those files for testing purposes, it was 
easier to just rely on the Proxy.

With ISC, this setup works fine, but with KEA it does not. In ISC, the old boot 
files were still present, but I excluded them during my initial tests.

## Solution:

For the PXE client to recognize an "enhanced" PXE-DHCP server, the DHCP server 
must return DHCP Option 60 (vendor class identifier) with the value "PXEClient".

The ISC DHCP server does this – the configuration line is:
option PXEClient "PXEClient";

Kea DHCP, however, provides Option 60 with the value "505845436C69656E74". The 
configuration for this is in ...

          {
            "always-send": false,
            "code": 60,
            "csv-format": false,
            "data": "505845436C69656E74",
            "name": "vendor-class-identifier",
            "space": "dhcp4"
          },

If a DHCPOFFER is received without an Option #60 tag "PXEClient", DHCP Discover 
will be retried on the 4- and 8-second timeouts in an attempt to receive a PXE 
response “”

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