This is an old bug in GRUB. This commit fixes it:
http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/grub.git/commit/?id=e20aa39ea4298011ba716087713cff26c6c52006

To test it, apply it to a GRUB source tree, compile it, install it, and
then reinstall the bootloader with "sudo grub-install /dev/sda".

** Also affects: grub
   Importance: Undecided
       Status: New

** Changed in: linux-gcp (Ubuntu)
       Status: New => Won't Fix

** Also affects: grub (Ubuntu)
   Importance: Undecided
       Status: New

** No longer affects: grub

** Also affects: grub (Ubuntu Xenial)
   Importance: Undecided
       Status: New

** Also affects: linux-gcp (Ubuntu Xenial)
   Importance: Undecided
       Status: New

** No longer affects: linux-gcp (Ubuntu)

** No longer affects: linux-gcp (Ubuntu Xenial)

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1840686

Title:
  Xenial images won't reboot if disk size is > 2TB when using GPT

Status in cloud-init:
  Won't Fix
Status in grub package in Ubuntu:
  New
Status in grub source package in Xenial:
  New

Bug description:
  CPC team has recently converted Xenial images to use GPT instead of
  MBR.  However, after booting an instance that has a disk size of 2049
  GB or higher, we hang on the next subsequent boot (Logs indicate it
  hanging on "Booting Hard Disk 0".

  This works on Bionic, but what makes it strange is that they have the
  same kernel revision - 4.15.0-1-37.

  patrick_viafore@patviafore-test-3072-xenial:~$ lsb_release -rd
  Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
  Release:        16.04
  patrick_viafore@patviafore-test-3072-xenial:~$ sudo dpkg -l | grep linux-gcp
  ii  linux-gcp                        4.15.0.1037.51                           
     amd64        Complete Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Linux kernel and headers
  ii  linux-gcp-headers-4.15.0-1037    4.15.0-1037.39~16.04.1                   
     amd64        Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.15.0

  To reproduce:

  1) Create an image with a disk size of 3072 using a serial that has GPT
  gcloud compute instances create test-3072-xenial --image 
daily-ubuntu-1604-xenial-v20190731 --image-project ubuntu-os-cloud-devel 
--boot-disk-size 3072

  Reboot the instance

  2) It will hang on reboot and you cannot connect

  3) Please note that later serials have the GPT change reverted.

  You can replace xenial with bionic in the above commands to get a
  bionic instance instead.

  To test this out in a more slower fashion:

  1) Create an image with a disk size of 2048 using a serial that has GPT
  gcloud compute instances create test-2048-xenial --image 
daily-ubuntu-1604-xenial-v20190731 --image-project ubuntu-os-cloud-devel 
--boot-disk-size 2048

  2) Resize the disk to 3072

  3) Issue growpart /dev/sda 1

  4) Issue resize2fs /dev/sda1

  5) Issue rsize2fs /dev/sda1 again

  On the second resize2fs, it tries to resize again, but on a working
  instance, it says there's nothing to resize.

  I've tried starting from a Xenial instance and doing a do-release-
  upgrade to get to bionic and then doing the growpart/resize2fs, but
  the issue still shows up.

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