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I have a brand new Lenovo Ideapad Flex 5.14 which came with Windows 10
and I have installed Ubuntu 21.04 with dual boot.

I am running into this problem where the root filesystem becomes
readonly and the system freezes with a screen full of errors shown about
unable to write to filesystem.

I booted into a live boot usb and did fsck and e2fsck but did not see
any errors there. I read online that this could be because of io errors
but smartctl and fsck does not show any errors

So I was wondering if this could be a bug vs a hardward issue. Please
let me know if you need any further information from the system.

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fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk model: WDC PC SN530 SDBPMPZ-512G-1101
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: E8803E28-C4F7-4FA5-9B6D-0F3CAB7027A5

Device             Start        End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1      2048     534527    532480   260M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2    534528     567295     32768    16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/nvme0n1p3    567296  199446527 198879232  94.8G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p4 998166528 1000214527   2048000  1000M Windows recovery environmen
/dev/nvme0n1p5 199446528  203352063   3905536   1.9G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p6 203352064  219353087  16001024   7.6G Linux swap
/dev/nvme0n1p7 219353088  414664703 195311616  93.1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p8 414664704  998166527 583501824 278.2G Microsoft basic data

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smartctl -a /dev/nvme0
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-16-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number:                       WDC PC SN530 SDBPMPZ-512G-1101
Serial Number:                      205135806243
Firmware Version:                   21160001
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID:            0x15b7
IEEE OUI Identifier:                0x001b44
Total NVM Capacity:                 512,110,190,592 [512 GB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity:           0
Controller ID:                      1
NVMe Version:                       1.4
Number of Namespaces:               1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity:          512,110,190,592 [512 GB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size:     512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64:            001b44 8b484daff7
Local Time is:                      Sun May  9 12:45:05 2021 EDT
Firmware Updates (0x14):            2 Slots, no Reset required
Optional Admin Commands (0x0017):   Security Format Frmw_DL Self_Test
Optional NVM Commands (0x005f):     Comp Wr_Unc DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat 
Timestmp
Log Page Attributes (0x1e):         Cmd_Eff_Lg Ext_Get_Lg Telmtry_Lg Pers_Ev_Lg
Maximum Data Transfer Size:         128 Pages
Warning  Comp. Temp. Threshold:     80 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold:     85 Celsius
Namespace 1 Features (0x02):        NA_Fields

Supported Power States
St Op     Max   Active     Idle   RL RT WL WT  Ent_Lat  Ex_Lat
 0 +     3.50W    2.10W       -    0  0  0  0        0       0
 1 +     2.40W    1.60W       -    0  0  0  0        0       0
 2 +     1.90W    1.50W       -    0  0  0  0        0       0
 3 -   0.0250W       -        -    3  3  3  3     3900   11000
 4 -   0.0050W       -        -    4  4  4  4     5000   39000

Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt  Data  Metadt  Rel_Perf
 0 +     512       0         2
 1 -    4096       0         1

=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02)
Critical Warning:                   0x00
Temperature:                        35 Celsius
Available Spare:                    100%
Available Spare Threshold:          10%
Percentage Used:                    0%
Data Units Read:                    624,535 [319 GB]
Data Units Written:                 526,042 [269 GB]
Host Read Commands:                 4,462,163
Host Write Commands:                4,686,788
Controller Busy Time:               25
Power Cycles:                       20
Power On Hours:                     76
Unsafe Shutdowns:                   9
Media and Data Integrity Errors:    0
Error Information Log Entries:      1
Warning  Comp. Temperature Time:    0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time:    0

Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, 16 of 256 entries)
No Errors Logged

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cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p7 during installation
UUID=3167581c-60b0-4db8-972c-a8dfafc882c5 /               ext4    
errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/nvme0n1p5 during installation
UUID=9c06f7c8-ad3b-4b90-b32c-4d4099b4548d /boot           ext4    defaults      
  0       2
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation
UUID=6C28-8155  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
# swap was on /dev/nvme0n1p6 during installation
UUID=38034881-4f37-4d16-8cc5-e343f61b4ef7 none            swap    sw            
  0       0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/0F7EA5A832F72C99 /mnt/0F7EA5A832F72C99 auto 
nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

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nvme error-log shows the same error message as below, all 64 of them are
identical. Pasting one item here.

nvme error-log /dev/nvme0
Error Log Entries for device:nvme0 entries:64
.................
 Entry[ 0]   
.................
error_count     : 0
sqid            : 0
cmdid           : 0
status_field    : 0(SUCCESS: The command completed successfully)
parm_err_loc    : 0
lba             : 0
nsid            : 0
vs              : 0
trtype          : The transport type is not indicated or the error is not 
transport related.
cs              : 0
trtype_spec_info: 0
.................

** Affects: linux (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

-- 
Root filesystem becomes readonly frequenty freezing system
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1927866
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