Hi,
>>> 3) And finally, in order to complete this change and to ensure my
> >>> applications are awrae of it and are doing the needful to restrict
> >>> themselves in only 2G, do I also need to make changes in
> >> the glibc or
> >>> the gcc?
> >>
> >> No, you don't need changes to glibc or gcc.
> >>
> >
> > I think he will need to. In the ELF user space executables
> in most of
> > the cases, the address at which each synbol (function / data) will
> > go is
> > generally fixed at compile time. So I think mosty of the
> > applications in
> > user space will need a recomile with a compiler that is
> aware of the
> > new
> > 2G/2G split.
> >
>
> Interesting. I've previously used 2G/2G split (some years
> ago, before
> 64b was prevalent) quite a bit and never needed to recompile
> existing
> binaries and libraries on the distro, and never had issues. Perhaps
> the default addresses are quite low (well below 2G)?
I think so. See below:
[ra...@linux-server module]$ cat t.c
int main()
{
for(;;);
return 0;
}
[ra...@linux-server module]$ gcc t.c
[ra...@linux-server module]$ ./a.out &
[1] 18189
[ra...@linux-server module]$ readelf -S a.out | grep "test\|data\|bss"
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 0804842c 00042c 000008 00 A
0 0 4
[22] .data PROGBITS 08049528 000528 00000c 00 WA
0 0 4
[23] .bss NOBITS 08049534 000534 000004 00 WA
0 0 4
The above the virtual addresses of the code and data sections (which are
well under 2G).
[ra...@linux-server module]$
[ra...@linux-server module]$ cat /proc/18189/maps |grep "a.out"
08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 00:13 1594602
/netapp_filer/users/rajat/linux/module/a.out
08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 00:13 1594602
/netapp_filer/users/rajat/linux/module/a.out
The same memory pages have been mapped into user application as evident
above. Also, all the symbols in the application are well below 2G:
[ra...@linux-server module]$ readelf -s a.out
Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 5 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 239 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND
__libc_start_m...@glibc_2.0 (2)
2: 08048430 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _IO_stdin_used
3: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
4: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 69 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 08048114 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 08048128 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 08048148 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 08048170 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 080481c0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5
6: 0804821a 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6
7: 08048224 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7
8: 08048244 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8
9: 0804824c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9
10: 08048254 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10
11: 0804826c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11
12: 0804828c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12
13: 08048410 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13
14: 0804842c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14
15: 08048434 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15
16: 08049438 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16
17: 08049440 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17
18: 08049448 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18
19: 0804944c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19
20: 08049514 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20
21: 08049518 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21
22: 08049528 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22
23: 08049534 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23
24: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24
25: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25
26: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26
27: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 27
28: 080482b0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 call_gmon_start
29: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
30: 08049438 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 16 __CTOR_LIST__
31: 08049440 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __DTOR_LIST__
32: 08049448 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __JCR_LIST__
33: 08049530 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 22 p.0
34: 08049534 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 23 completed.1
35: 080482d4 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 __do_global_dtors_aux
36: 08048308 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 frame_dummy
37: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
38: 0804943c 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 16 __CTOR_END__
39: 08049444 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __DTOR_END__
40: 08048434 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 15 __FRAME_END__
41: 08049448 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __JCR_END__
42: 080483ec 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 __do_global_ctors_aux
43: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS t.c
44: 0804944c 0 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 19 _DYNAMIC
45: 0804842c 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _fp_hw
46: 08049438 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL HIDDEN ABS __fini_array_end
47: 0804952c 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 22 __dso_handle
48: 080483a8 66 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 12 __libc_csu_fini
49: 08048254 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 10 _init
50: 0804828c 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 12 _start
51: 08049438 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL HIDDEN ABS __fini_array_start
52: 08048354 82 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 12 __libc_csu_init
53: 08049534 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS __bss_start
54: 08048334 30 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 12 main
55: 00000000 239 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND
__libc_start_main@@GLIBC_
56: 08049438 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL HIDDEN ABS __init_array_end
57: 08049528 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 22 data_start
58: 08048410 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 _fini
59: 08049438 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL HIDDEN ABS __preinit_array_end
60: 08049534 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _edata
61: 08049518 0 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 21 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
62: 08049538 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _end
63: 08049438 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL HIDDEN ABS __init_array_start
64: 08048430 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _IO_stdin_used
65: 08049528 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 22 __data_start
66: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
67: 08049438 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL HIDDEN ABS __preinit_array_start
68: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
Even the libc and dynamic loader have been mapped below 2G:
[ra...@linux-server module]$ cat /proc/18189/maps
0062d000-00642000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 4432591 /lib/ld-2.3.4.so
00642000-00643000 r--p 00014000 fd:00 4432591 /lib/ld-2.3.4.so
00643000-00644000 rw-p 00015000 fd:00 4432591 /lib/ld-2.3.4.so
0064a000-0076d000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 4432592 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.4.so
0076d000-0076e000 r--p 00123000 fd:00 4432592 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.4.so
0076e000-00771000 rw-p 00124000 fd:00 4432592 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.4.so
00771000-00773000 rw-p 00771000 00:00 0
08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 00:13 1594602
/netapp_filer/users/rajat/linux/module/.nfs001854ea00000002
08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 00:13 1594602
/netapp_filer/users/rajat/linux/module/.nfs001854ea00000002
b7fe2000-b7fe3000 rw-p b7fe2000 00:00 0
bffd2000-c0000000 rw-p bffd2000 00:00 0
ffffe000-fffff000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
Only the last three entries are suspicious however, but since their size
is zero, I assume there are special zero sized mapping never used by the
application.
> Also, how does
> ASLR ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
> Address_space_layout_randomization ) play into this?
>
No idea. Is this currently implemented into the toolchain / binutils /
ld?
Thanks,
Rajat
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