Sorry for such a vague subject, but I think I need some help breaking 
things down here.

I think I understand how the Google layer 7 LBs work (this diagram helped 
me: 
https://storage.googleapis.com/static.ianlewis.org/prod/img/750/gcp-lb-objects2.png)
 
, I understand NGinx and HAProxy LBs independently, and I believe I also 
understand the concepts of NodePort, Ingress controllers, services, etc.

What I don't understand is why when I research things like socket.io 
architectures in Kubernetes (for example), or features like IP 
whitelisting, session affinity, etc. I see people putting NGinx or HAProxy 
into their clusters. It is hard for me to keep straight all of the 
different levels of load balancing and their controls:


   - Google backend services (i.e. Google LB)
   - Kubernetes service LB
   - HAProxy/NGinx


The rationale for HAProxy and NGinx seems to involve compensating for 
missing features and/or bugs (kube-proxy, etc.) and it is hard to keep 
straight what is a reality today and what the best path is? 

Google's LBs support session affinity, and there are session affinity 
Kubernetes service settings, so for starters, when and why is NGinx or 
HAProxy necessary, and are there outstanding issues with tracking source 
IPs and setting/respecting proper headers?

I'm happy to get into what sort of features I need if this will help steer 
the discussion, but at this point I'm thinking maybe it is best to start at 
a more basic level where you treat me like I'm 6 years old :)

Thanks in advance!

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