Oscar Lopez Rivera: Imprisoned for Supporting Puerto Rican Independence
by Stephen Lendman / November
27th, 2010
After the 1898 Spanish-American War, the US
took over the
Philippines, Guam, Samoa, Hawaii, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic,
Canal Zone, assorted other territories, and Puerto Rico. On September
29, its Governor-General, Manuel Macias y Casado (a Spanish general),
ceded control to Washington, its current status today as a colony.
In 1966, then University of Puerto Rico economics associate, Dr. Antonio J.
Gonzales said:
The Puerto Rican Independence Party bases its struggle
in favor of the independence of Puerto Rico on the conviction that we
continue to be a (US) colony, thus being denied (our) right to freedom
and sovereignty.
After taking over in 1898, America “never granted Puerto Ricans the
total control of their lives and destiny. Sovereign powers have never
been transferred to us in order to be able to decide in all those areas
that affect the collective life of our nation.”
For over 112 years, America’s had total control, Puerto Ricans
virtually none, forced to “accept the dispositions of laws imposed” by a
colonial power. In its relationship with America, Puerto Rico is
called “Estado Libre Asociado” (Free Associated State or Commonwealth).
Under international law, it’s a colony, seeking independence. Therein
lies the roots of its struggle, Oscar Lopez Rivera imprisoned for
supporting it.
A collective 1981 statement by Puerto Rican Independentistas, convicted of
“seditious conspiracy,” said the following:
Our position remains clear: Puerto Rico is a nation
intervened, militarily conquered and colonized by the United States….We
are prisoners of war captured by the enemy. Our actions have always
been and continue to be in the nature of fighting a war of independence,
a war of national liberation….The US interventionist government has
absolutely no right, no say so whatsoever in regards to Puerto Rico,
ourselves, or any Puerto Rican prisoner of war. The US interventionist
government has only one choice….and that is to GET OUT! It is our right
to regain and secure our national sovereignty. Nothing will stand in
the way of achieving our goal.
The struggle continues, Rivera one of its victims. The web site
prolibertadweb.com calls him and others like him:
“workers and professionals, students and teachers, community
organizers, artists, mothers, and fathers of families. They are
fighters (for) Puerto Rico’s Independence and social justice.” They
reject colonization and exploitation. They’re committed activists for
justice, struggling to end it.
Each year for decades, the UN Decolonization Committee approved a
draft resolution for Puerto Rican independence, the latest one on June
21:
calling on the Government of the United States to
expedite a process that would allow the Puerto Rican people to exercise
fully their right to self-determination and independence, and for the
General Assembly formally to consider the situation concerning Puerto
Rico, which the world body had not formerly taken up since the
Territory’s removal from the list of Non-Self-Governing Territories in
1953.
….a majority of petitioners expressed dissatisfaction today with the
commonwealth’s treatment by the United States, arguing that the
administering Power was hampering Puerto Rican decolonization
initiatives and those of civil society….(America) continue(s) acting as
a colonizing Power over a country with its own cultural identity.
Background on Rivera
Born in 1943 in San Sebastian, Puerto Rico, he moved to America at
age 12, then two years later to Chicago to live with his sister. A
decorated Vietnam veteran, he returned home to his Puerto Rican
community, plagued by unemployment, drugs, police brutality, and dire
levels of healthcare, education, and other essential social services –
issues he was determined to address.
He helped create the Puerto Rican High School and Cultural Center.
He co-founded the Rafael Cancel Miranda High School (now called Dr.
Pedro Albizu Campos High School). He worked for public school bilingual
education, for universities to admit more Latino students and hire
Latino faculty and staff, and for Chicago area corporations, like
Illinois Bell, People’s Gas and Commonwealth Edison, to end
discriminatory hiring.
He became an organizer for the Northwest Community Organization
(NCO), ASSPA, ASPIRA, and Chicago’s First Congregational Church. He
also helped found FREE, a half-way house for convicted drug addicts,
and ASAS, an educational program for Latino prisoners at Illinois’
Stateville Prison.
He also worked for Puerto Rican independence. In 1974, he helped
organize the committee to “Free the Five” (Rafael Cancel Miranda, Irwin
Flores, Oscar Collazao, Lolita Lebron, and Andres Figueroa Cordero).
In 1975, he was forced underground with other comrades after the
Justice Department named him an FALN leader (Fuerzas Armadas de
Liberacion Nacional – Armed Forces of National Liberation).
On May 10, 2001, FBI Director Louis Freeh described the organization
as follows to the Senate Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services,
and Select Committee on Intelligence, under the heading: “Left-wing
and Puerto Rican extremist groups,” saying:
….left-wing (domestic terrorists) generally profess a
revolutionary socialist doctrine and view themselves as protectors of
the people against the ‘dehumanizing effects’ of capitalism and
imperialism. They aim to bring about change in the United States
through revolution rather than through the established political
process.
Terrorist groups (like FALN), seeking to secure Puerto Rican
independence from the United States through violent means, represent
one of the remaining active vestiges of left-wing terrorism….they
view….acts of terrorism as a means by which to draw attention to their
desire for independence….Acts of terrorism continue to be perpetrated
(by) violent” separatist groups like FALN.
Rivera’s Arrest and Imprisonment
On May 29, 1981, he was arrested, the FBI calling him one of
America’s most feared fugitives. Accused of being an FALN leader, he
neither confirmed or denied it, affirming only his nonviolent activism.
At trial, he refused to participate, declaring himself a “prisoner of
war.”
In 1981, he was convicted of armed robbery, miscellaneous charges,
and seditious conspiracy – sedition pertaining to actions to incite
insurrection or rebellion; conspiracy by working with others to achieve
it.
Initially sentenced to 55 years, 15 more were added in 1988, based
on spurious charges of participating in a conspiracy to escape, that
sentence to begin when the original one ends.
In 1999, the Clinton administration offered him and 11 other Puerto
Rican nationalists clemency. He declined, saying it required him to
serve 10 more years with good conduct. Had he accepted, he’d have been
free a year ago.
His sister, Zenaida Lopez, said he refused because on parole, he’d
be in “prison outside prison.” Incarcerated at Federal Correctional
Institution (FCI) Terre Haute, IN, July 27, 2027 is his scheduled
release date unless paroled and accepts or gets unconditional clemency
sooner.
Punitive Sentencing and Treatment
The “ProLIBERTAD campaign for the freedom of Puerto Rican political
prisoners and prisoners of war” called sentences given “Puerto Rican
patriots excessive and punitive.” On average, men got 70.8 years, women
72.8, 19 times longer than average in the year they were sentenced,
real criminals faring much better.
For example, from 1966 – 1985, average murder sentences were 22.7
years; rape, 12.5 years, and arms violations 12. Only 12.8% of all
federal prisoners got over 20 years. Most often, only repeat offenders
get longer sentences. No Puerto Rican “patriot” had a prior record at
time of arrest.
Worse still, they’ve been harshly treated in prison, in violation of
UN Minimum Uniform Rules on the Treatment of Prisoners (UNSMRTR), Rule
A1 6(1). They’ve been held far from families despite facilities closer
to home. Some have been sexually assaulted, Alejandrina Torres
attacked in three different prisons, in one case by prison guards and a
male lieutenant. She was then held in solitary confinement for
complaining.
They’ve been denied adequate medical care. Some have been held in
underground confinement, Rivera, in 1993, describing his treatment at
Marion, IL maximum security as follows:
I am enclosed in a cell that is 8 feet wide by 9 feet
long on an average of 22 hours each day. Today while I write this
letter, I have been 36 hours without going out and tomorrow if they do
not take us out it will have been three days without moving from this
same space. In this little space I have everything. From eating my
meals to taking care of my needs. So it is my dining room and latrine
at the same time. My bed is a slab of cement. And the whole cell is
painted the same dead yellow color. From an aesthetic point of view, it
is as attractive as a jail for zoo animals.
In 1987, Amnesty International (AI) condemned Marion conditions, saying:
In Marion, violations of the (UN) Minimum Standard Rules
(for treating prisoners) are common. There is almost no rule in the
Minimum Standard Rules that is not broken in one form or another.
In 1988, AI called conditions in Lexington, KY’s Maximum Security Unit for
women “deliberately and gratuitously oppressive.”
The same holds for all federal and state maximum security facilities
and many others, prisoners routinely abused, especially political
ones.1
>From 1986-1998, Rivera was held in punitive maximum security
confinement, and remained in max facilities until 2008. Only then was
he transferred to a medium security prison on condition he report every
two hours to corrections staff, an unheard of stipulation. Currently
at FCI Terre Haute, his mailing address is:
Oscar Lopez Rivera
87651-024
FCI Terre Haute
PO Box 33
Terre Haute, IN 47808
A Final Comment
In early January 2011, likely the first week, Rivera will appear
before the US Parole Commission after nearly 30 years in prison.
Supporters are urged to download, print and sign the attached letter and mail
it to the following address:
Chairman Isaac Fulwood, Jr.
US Parole Commission
5550 Friendship Blvd.
Suite 420
Chevy Chase, MD 20815-7286
In addition, the National Boricua Human Rights Network urges signers to email
[email protected] so they can keep track of supportive letters.
“Together,” they say, “we can help free Oscar Lopez Rivera!”
Earlier articles explained here, here, and here. [↩]
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago. Contact him
at: [email protected]. Also visit his blog site
and listen to The Global Research News Hour on
RepublicBroadcasting.org Mondays from 11AM-1PM US Central time for
cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests. All programs are
archived for easy listening. Read other articles by Stephen.
http://dissidentvoice.org/2010/11/oscar-lopez-rivera-imprisoned-for-supporting-puerto-rican-independence/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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