http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/10083/lawfare-and-armed-conflict_comparing-israeli-and-u


Lawfare and Armed Conflict: Comparing Israeli and US Targeted Killing
Policies and Challenges against
Them<http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/10083/lawfare-and-armed-conflict_comparing-israeli-and-u>
by Lisa Hajjar <http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/contributors/981>
[image: Listen to this page using
ReadSpeaker]<http://app.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=5919&lang=en_us&readid=rscontent&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jadaliyya.com%2Fpages%2Findex%2F10083%2Flawfare-and-armed-conflict_comparing-israeli-and-u>
[image: [Crop of image of the author. From video below.]][Crop of image of
the author. From video below.]

In this public lecture, I engage the concept of*lawfare* (an amalgamation
of “law” and “warfare”) to compare Israeli and US twenty-first century
armed conflicts. Specifically, I focus on both states’ targeted killing
policies and the legal rationales that have been advanced to try to project
their lawfulness, and legal challenges to these policies in order to tell a
larger story about the relationship between contemporary practices of law
and war. In order to tell this story, I expand the lawfare concept to
include “state lawfare” to describe how officials—in this case Israelis and
Americans—have interpreted the state’s rights to combat enemies and wage
war in ways that depart and deviate from *international *interpretations of
international humanitarian law (IHL). Lawfare is responsive to state
lawfare, and here I elaborate on how their relationship manifests as
contestations over what is legal in war.

I begin with a brief history of Israeli state lawfare vis-à-vis the
occupied West Bank and Gaza, and the implications of (local) legal
challenges. This history provides the context for understanding changes in
Israeli state lawfare that preceded the start of the second intifada in
2000 but powerfully inform the claimed right to wage full-scale war against
Palestinians, and how Israel’s interpretative innovations influenced the US
in the “war on terror.” I then trace Israeli and US state lawfare efforts
to “legalize” targeted killing by claiming the right to execute enemies and
suspects at times and in places when they are not engaged in battle or
directly participating in hostilities. Although there are significant
differences between their twenty-first century armed conflicts, there is a
shared desire to present their behaviors as lawful. The final part of my
talk traces legal challenges (i.e., lawfare) to Israeli and US targeted
killing policies and their outcomes. These challenges have been mounted in
the Israeli and the US legal systems, and in several foreign countries. I
conclude with some thoughts about the significance of mounting legal
challenges, even when those challenges do not prevail in courts.

*Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=qszyqNz3LM8#!
*

*-----------------------------------------*


   -
   
<http://972mag.com/eritreans-in-israel-face-unique-obstacles-in-protesting-for-their-countrys-future/65580/>
   +972blog <http://972mag.com/author/972blog/>Eritreans in Israel face
   unique obstacles in protesting for their country's
future<http://972mag.com/eritreans-in-israel-face-unique-obstacles-in-protesting-for-their-countrys-future/65580/>


   
<http://972mag.com/eritreans-in-israel-face-unique-obstacles-in-protesting-for-their-countrys-future/65580/>Published
   February 7, 2013 | 1 Comment
   -
   
<http://972mag.com/new-entry-permits-issued-at-allenby-bridge-palestinian-id-card-holders-are-israeli/65597/>
   Lisa Goldman <http://972mag.com/author/lisa/>New entry permits grant
   Israeli nationality to Palestinian, but without the
rights<http://972mag.com/new-entry-permits-issued-at-allenby-bridge-palestinian-id-card-holders-are-israeli/65597/>


   
<http://972mag.com/new-entry-permits-issued-at-allenby-bridge-palestinian-id-card-holders-are-israeli/65597/>Published
   February 7, 2013 | 3 Comments
   -
   
<http://972mag.com/palestinian-textbook-case-closed-but-more-trumped-up-israeli-charges-expected/65470/>
   Larry Derfner <http://972mag.com/author/larryd/>Palestinian textbook
   case closed, but more trumped-up Israeli charges
expected<http://972mag.com/palestinian-textbook-case-closed-but-more-trumped-up-israeli-charges-expected/65470/>


   
<http://972mag.com/palestinian-textbook-case-closed-but-more-trumped-up-israeli-charges-expected/65470/>Published
   February 7, 2013 | 9 Comments


   A week in photos: From protest villages to hunger
strikes<http://972mag.com/from-protest-villages-to-hunger-strikes-a-week-in-photos-january-31-february-6/65543/>
   Activestills <http://972mag.com/author/activestills/>



   
http://972mag.com/after-a-week-of-controversy-the-brooklyn-college-bds-event-was-a-non-event/65634/


   By Lisa Goldman <http://972mag.com/author/lisa/> |Published February 8,
   2013Despite controversy, Brooklyn College BDS panel is a non-event

   NEW YORK — After more than a week of controversy, including an editorial
   in the New York Times and a statement from Mayor Bloomberg, Brooklyn
   College hosted a discussion of BDS <http://www.bdsmovement.net/> with
   Judith Butler and Omar Barghouti and nothing happened. That fact alone
   seems worthy of a story these days.

   In a post for +972, Mairav Zonszein wrote
eloquently<http://972mag.com/attack-on-ny-boycott-israel-panel-threatens-academic-freedom/65500/>
about
   the outrageous attempts to intimidate the college into canceling the event.
   Alan Dershowitz started the whole controversy, but New York City public
   officials were quick to follow, with several threatening to cut the
   college’s funding. The New York Times published an
editorial<http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/05/opinion/litmus-tests-for-israel.html>
of
   quiet dismay, noting that “critics have used heated language to denigrate
   the speakers,” adding, “The sad truth is that there is more honest
   discussion about American-Israeli policy in Israel than in this country.
   Too often in the United States, supporting Israel has come to mean meeting
   narrow ideological litmus tests.”

   Mayor Bloomberg expressed himself a bit more
bluntly<http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/nyregion/bloomberg-defends-brooklyn-colleges-right-to-bds-talk.html>.
   “If you want to go to a university where the government decides what kind
   of subjects are fit for discussion,” he said, “I suggest you apply to a
   school in North Korea.”

   And after all that, the event turned out to be a non-event. An audience
   of about 300 people sat quietly and listened to Judith Butler and Omar
   Barghouti speak, which they did — without interruption. People lined up
   quietly to ask questions at the microphone during the Q&A. As always, there
   were a few eccentrics who made statements, usually of the UFO variety,
   instead of asking questions. There was some post-panel schmoozing in
   another room, with books for sale laid out on a table and Omar Barghouti
   sitting behind another table to sign his tome on BDS.

   And then everyone went home.

   There were no heated arguments and no disturbances. The atmosphere was
   relaxed and friendly. No-one shouted “death to Israel”or anything remotely
   similar — except a contingent of Neturei
Karta<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neturei_Karta>,
   who always show up at this type of Palestine-related event.

   
<http://972mag.com/after-a-week-of-controversy-the-brooklyn-college-bds-event-was-a-non-event/65634/neturei-karta/>

   Neturei Karta at Brooklyn College

   I’m always a bit disturbed to see BDS advocates, who talk about
   Palestinian rights in the same breath as LGBT rights and feminism, rush to
   photograph and be photographed with these men, whose beliefs and lifestyle
   tolerate neither homosexuality nor women’s rights. Anyway, they were the
   only ones shouting that Israel must end, it had no right to exist, etc.

   Outside the student building there was also a small group of young
   Orthodox men, accompanied by New York State Assemblyman Dov
Hikind<http://assembly.state.ny.us/mem/Dov-Hikind/>,
   who was particularly involved in trying to intimidate Brooklyn College into
   canceling the event. One man, who wore the black fedora of an Orthodox Jew,
   handed me a photocopied page titled WHY BDS IS THE SAME AS AL QAEDA. On
   Facebook, someone posted a photograph of a page distributed at the college
   by a group calling itself Mobilization for Israel. EMERGENCY RALLY AGAINST
   HAMAS SPEECH, it announces.

   
<http://972mag.com/after-a-week-of-controversy-the-brooklyn-college-bds-event-was-a-non-event/65634/brooklyn-college-nutsos_2/>

   Flier handed out at Brooklyn College

   But despite all the semi-coherent drama of the flier, only a handful of
   protestors showed up. They did not try to stop anyone from entering the
   student building where the event was held, nor did they try to enter
   themselves. Up on the sixth floor I could hear them outside on the street,
   faintly. They sang “David, Melekh Yisrael,” (David, King of Israel) and
   shouted a few semi-audible slogans for the first part of Judith Butler’s
   talk. But soon they dispersed and there was no sign of them when we came
   out.

   But the college and the city clearly anticipated trouble. There was a
   heavy police presence, both uniformed and plainclothes officers, outside
   the student building and inside. They were supplemented by uniformed
   college security and volunteer marshalls who kept the sidewalk clear,
   checked IDs and made sure all the people queued up for the event were on
   the list. Everyone had to submit to a bag search and go through a metal
   detector. The metal buckles on my boots beeped, earning me a pat down. It
   would have felt just like being back at home in Israel, except it was
   freezing cold outside and everyone was remarkably courteous — friendly,
   even.

   According to an email I received yesterday, the event was filled to
   capacity — but there were at least 20 empty seats, possibly because the
   speakers started exactly on time, while the people who had been waitlisted
   were still going through security. No-one was admitted during the talks, to
   avoid causing a disturbance.

   The audience was a mixed bag of the usual suspects. There were political
   activists, many of them Jewish “red diaper baby” types. There was also a
   very heavy Arab Muslim presence, noticeable because many of the women wore
   the hijab. And journalists, of course.

   I was impressed by Judith Butler’s remarks, in which she touched on
   issues of free speech, BDS as a nonviolent civil society movement, the
   definition of anti-Semitism,  and Jewish identity — all in her inimitably
   dense, intellectual and erudite style. You can read the text of her
talk<http://www.thenation.com/article/172752/judith-butlers-remarks-brooklyn-college-bds#>
on
   The Nation’s website. Below is an excerpt:

   One could be for the BDS movement as the only credible non-violent mode
   of resisting the injustices committed by the state of Israel without
   falling into the football lingo of being “pro” Palestine and “anti” Israel.
   This language is reductive, if not embarrassing. One might reasonably and
   passionately be concerned for all the inhabitants of that land, and simply
   maintain that the future for any peaceful, democratic solution for that
   region will become thinkable through the dismantling of the occupation,
   through enacting the equal rights of Palestinian minorities and finding
   just and plausible ways for the rights of refugees to be honored. If one
   holds out for these three aims in political life, then one is not simply
   living within the logic of the “pro” and the “anti”, but trying to fathom
   the conditions for a “we”, a plural existence grounded in equality.

   Barghouti’s speech was less intellectual and more populist. I did not
   like it, not because I disagreed with anything he said, but because I
   dislike populism and am suspicious of speakers who rely on their charm to
   ingratiate themselves with audiences. He read out a long laundry list of
   Israel’s evil deeds (none of which I dispute), followed by a lengthy
   explanation of why he was not anti-Semitic, with liberal quotes
from Yeshayahu
   Leibowitz <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshayahu_Leibowitz>,Shulamit
   Aloni <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulamit_Aloni> and Avraham
Burg<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraham_Burg>,
   amongst others. He also gave a shout-out to Israeli Jewish partners of BDS,
   specifically the Boycott from Within <http://boycottisrael.info/> movement.
    The audience responded positively.

   This event at Brooklyn College should have been a minor one. If the
   subject of discussion had been anything but Palestine-Israel, there would
   have been a very small audience indeed. Not many people are willing to take
   a subway to the last stop on the 2 line on a cold February night in order
   to sit for more than two hours on uncomfortable folding plastic chairs in a
   bare room lit by fluorescent strip lighting. But thanks to people like Alan
   Dershowitz and Dov Hikind, they came out in pretty impressive numbers. The
   minor event became a big deal.

   Besides the deeply shameful attempts of Dershowitz, Hikind, et al to
   limit freedom of expression in a liberal democracy, I am pondering a few
   other things as I write this post. Despite all the publicity, only a very
   small group of hardcore Orthodox Jewish men — yeshiva boy types — showed up
   to protest this event. And they did not last long. Also, it is very
   interesting to see how the hardcore “My Israel right or wrong” types in the
   Jewish community have split off from the liberal, Obama-supporting majority
   of the Jewish community. The latter are uncomfortable with strong criticism
   of Israel, with many seeing BDS as an ideologically suspect movement, but
   there is no way they will come out to demonstrate against academic freedom
   and free speech.

   So we had a Jewish mayor making a strong statement in support of
   academic freedom and free expression; we had a Jewish philosopher, Judith
   Butler, speaking in support of BDS and freedom of expression; we had a
   certain Jewish Harvard professor who equates any criticism of Israel with
   anti-Semitism; we had some marginalized hasidic Jews who hate Israel  and
   want it to cease existing; and we had a handful of yeshiva boys who
   actually believe BDS is the same as Hamas, which is a reincarnation of
   Nazism, and who equate unquestioning support of Israel with love of God and
   Torah. Which is so beyond absurd that I can’t even think of an adjective.
   Sorry.

   Often, I feel as though the whole Palestine issue is more about the
   divisions within the Jewish community than about actual Palestinians.


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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