In the absense of an ACK, which cannot occur until the intended victim receives and says it got the packet, what causes the sender to keep sending such that the ISP's "big buffer" fills?
I suppose that a better way to ask this question is to ask what RFC(s) I
should be looking up.
Basically this is TCP's window scaling algorithm. In very simple terms it discovers the max speed of the link by sending packets faster and faster until you start to get packet dropping. Then tcp backs off a bit and slowly probes the limits continuously as time goes by.
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