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<!-- DocManager ID: 1434 -->
!
! <h3>Why can't the LEAF router ping hosts on the LAN?</h3>
!
! <p><em>Authors: Ray Olszewski<br />
! Revision: 0.2<br />
! Date: 2001-07-18</em></p>
!
<hr />
! <b><a
! href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1434.html";>
! Print Document</a> | <a
! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1435&group_id=13751";>
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! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1433&group_id=13751";>
! Previous</a></b>
!
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
- <p>For this test, you should be trying to ping the LAN host by its
- IP address, not its hostname. Failure to ping by hostname may be
- caused by problems with name resolution. You will want to correct
- such problems, of course, but you first want to verify the actual
- connectivity. ping failures here can generate type 1, type 2, and
- type 3 errors. (Please see an earlier answer if you need to know
- what types 1, 2, and 3 are.)</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type-1 ping error ... make sure there is a working,
- physical connection to the host you are trying to ping. The details
- depend on the physical layer of your LAN, but a few mistakes that
- beginners often make are:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>if the connection is a UTP (10BaseT or 100BaseT) cable to a
- hub, the LRP router/firewall should be connected to a regular port
- on the hub, not an "uplink" port:</li>
-
- <li>if the connection is a UTP cable directly to an Ethernet card
- on the host you are trying to ping, it needs to be a "crossover"
- cable that interchanges lines 1 and 3, and 2 and 6.</li>
-
- <li>if the connection is a thinnet (10Base2, RG59) connection, both
- ends need T-connectors and terminating resistors, even if only two
- hosts are being connected.</li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>If you get a type-1 or a type-2 ping error ... check your
- routing table ("netstat -nr") to see that it shows a route to the
- LAN's network on the correct interface. If it does not, there is
- probably an error in one of your entries in /etc/network.conf .
- Make sure the numberings of interface addresses, network addresses,
- netmasks, and broadcast addresses are all consistent (see section
- 3.6).</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type 3 error ... check your firewalling rules to
- see if packets destined for the host you are trying to ping are
- blocked. Check with these commands:</p>
-
- <pre>
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.0.x kernel --
- ipfwadm -Fnle
- ipfwadm -Inle
- ipfwadm -Onle
- ipfwadm -Mnle
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.2.x kernel --
- ipchains -L -n -v
- </pre>
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! If you still have questions or concerns regarding this document,
! please feel free to either <a
! href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post
! on the mailing list</a> or <a
! href="https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751";>
! submit a support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will
! be glad to assist you further.
--- 3,16 ----
<!-- Last modified: $Id$ -->
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! <h3>Document Title</h3>
! <p><em>Authors:  Your Name<br />
! Revision:  x.xx<br />
! Date:  yyyy-mm-dd</em></p>
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><b><a
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! <p style="margin-top: 0cm">If you still have questions or concerns regarding this
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href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post on the mailing
list</a> or <a href="/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751">submit a
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further.</p>
Index: docid_1435.html
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retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
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*** docid_1435.html 28 Feb 2003 00:29:16 -0000 1.3
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<!-- DocManager ID: 1435 -->
!
! <h3>Why can't the LEAF router ping its external gateway?</h3>
!
! <p><em>Authors: Ray Olszewski<br />
! Revision: 0.2<br />
! Date: 2001-07-18</em></p>
!
<hr />
! <b><a
! href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1435.html";>
! Print Document</a> | <a
! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=4100&group_id=13751";>
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! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1434&group_id=13751";>
! Previous</a></b>
!
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
- <p>ping failures here can generate type 1, type 2, and type 3
- errors. (Please see an earlier answer if you need to know what
- types 1, 2, and 3 are.)</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type-1 ping error ... make sure there is a working,
- physical connection between the router/firewall and the on-site
- equipment that connects you to your ISP. Depending on your
- connection type, this may be a serial cable to an external modem;
- an Ethernet connection to a DSL "modem" or a cable "modem"; a V35
- serial connection to a CSU/DSU; or any of many other possible
- devices.</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type-1 ping error ... make sure there is a working,
- physical connection between the on-site equipment that connects you
- to your ISP and your ISP. This may be a telephone line (both the
- RJ11 cable from your modem to a wall connector, and the telephone
- line to the telco central office itself), a DSL line, a cable
- connection, a DS-1 (T-1, E-1) line, or something else.</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type-1 ping error ... make sure that there is not a
- conflict between the MAC address (the "hardware" address) of the
- Etnernet card connected to your on-site equipment and the MAC
- address that the on-site equipment expects. This problem, to my
- knowledge, occurs only with cable modems. Some cable-modem-based
- ISPs use MAC-address checking to verify the identities of the
- computers connected to them. If you have such a service, you may
- need to power down the cable modem for 2 to 5 minutes, to
- reinitialize it to work with a different Ethernet card. For some
- cable-modem providers, you will need to tell the provider that you
- have changed Ethernet cards so they can reset their equipment to
- recognize the new card.</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type-1 or type-2 ping error ... check your routing
- table ("netstat -nr") to see that it shows a route to the external
- gateway on the correct interface. If it does not, there is probably
- an error in one of your entries in /etc/network.conf . Make sure
- the numberings of interface addresses, network addresses, netmasks,
- and broadcast addresses are all consistent.</p>
-
- <p>If a route is shown as present, make sure the gateway is
- actually reachable on the interface given the netmask of the
- network connected to that interface. (E.g., if the external
- interface has a network number of 10.10.2.0 and the external
- gateway has address 10.10.3.155, then the external network needs a
- netmask of 255.255.254.0, not 255.255.255.0 .</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type 3 error ... check your firewalling rules to
- see if packets destined for the host you are trying to ping are
- blocked. Check with these commands:</p>
-
- <pre>
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.0.x kernel --
- ipfwadm -Fnle
- ipfwadm -Inle
- ipfwadm -Onle
- ipfwadm -Mnle
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.2.x kernel --
- ipchains -L -n -v
- </pre>
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! If you still have questions or concerns regarding this document,
! please feel free to either <a
! href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post
! on the mailing list</a> or <a
! href="https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751";>
! submit a support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will
! be glad to assist you further.
--- 3,16 ----
<!-- Last modified: $Id$ -->
<!-- DocManager ID: 1435 -->
! <h3>Document Title</h3>
! <p><em>Authors:  Your Name<br />
! Revision:  x.xx<br />
! Date:  yyyy-mm-dd</em></p>
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><b><a
href="http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_xxxx.html";>Print
Document</a></b></p>
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm">If you still have questions or concerns regarding this
document, please feel free to either <a
href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post on the mailing
list</a> or <a href="/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751">submit a
support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will be glad to assist you
further.</p>
Index: docid_1436.html
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retrieving revision 1.3
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*** docid_1436.html 28 Feb 2003 00:29:16 -0000 1.3
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*** 3,75 ****
<!-- Last modified: $Id$ -->
<!-- DocManager ID: 1436 -->
!
! <h3>Why can't hosts on the LAN ping hosts on the Internet?</h3>
!
! <p><em>Authors: Ray Olszewski<br />
! Revision: 0.2<br />
! Date: 2001-07-18</em></p>
!
<hr />
! <b><a
! href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_1436.html";>
! Print Document</a> | <a
! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=4100&group_id=13751";>
! Previous</a></b>
!
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
- <p>Many of the reasons for this problem involve incorrect settings
- in the client, not settings on the router/firewall itself. Because
- I cannot know what operating system the client is using, I do not
- make any assumptions about what errors these pings may report.</p>
-
- <p>There are a few possible problems at the level of the
- router/firewall. They are:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>if your LAN uses private (non-routable) IP addresses, make sure
- the firewall/router is set to Masquerade traffic coming from the
- LAN. Check this with the "ipfwadm -Mnle" (LEAF routers using the
- 2.0.x kernel) or "ipchains -L -n -v forward" (LEAF routers using
- the 2.2.x kernel) command.</li>
-
- <li>check your firewalling rules to see if packets to or from
- either the host you are trying to ping, or the host you are pinging
- from, are blocked. Check with these commands:
-
- <pre>
- LEAF routers using the 2.0.x kernel --
- ipfwadm -Fnle
- ipfwadm -Inle
- ipfwadm -Onle
- ipfwadm -Mnle
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.2.x kernel --
- ipchains -L -n -v
- </pre>
- </li>
- </ul>
-
- <p>You should also verify that the client you are using for testing
- is itself configured properly. In general, you need to:</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>verify that physical connection of the host to the LAN is
- functional</li>
-
- <li>verify that the network information in the host (IP address,
- netmask, broadcast address) is correct.</li>
-
- <li>verify that the host you are testing from has the LEAF
- router/firewall identified as its default gateway.</li>
- </ul>
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! If you still have questions or concerns regarding this document,
! please feel free to either <a
! href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post
! on the mailing list</a> or <a
! href="https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751";>
! submit a support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will
! be glad to assist you further.
--- 3,16 ----
<!-- Last modified: $Id$ -->
<!-- DocManager ID: 1436 -->
! <h3>Document Title</h3>
! <p><em>Authors:  Your Name<br />
! Revision:  x.xx<br />
! Date:  yyyy-mm-dd</em></p>
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><b><a
href="http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_xxxx.html";>Print
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<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
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<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm">If you still have questions or concerns regarding this
document, please feel free to either <a
href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post on the mailing
list</a> or <a href="/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751">submit a
support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will be glad to assist you
further.</p>
Index: docid_4099.html
===================================================================
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retrieving revision 1.3
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*** 4,88 ****
<!-- DocManager ID: 4099 -->
! <h3>What are the ways that "ping" fails and what do they mean?</h3>
!
! <p><em>Authors: Ray Olszewski<br />
! Revision: 0.2<br />
! Date: 2001-07-18</em></p>
!
<hr />
! <b><a
! href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_4099.html";>
! Print Document</a> | <a
! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1433&group_id=13751";>
! Next</a></b>
!
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
- <p>More so than any other section, this answer and the group that
- follow it is about a procedure for systematic troubleshooting of
- your LEAF (or other) router. While I can cover here the most common
- sources of the problems that arise, we cannot cover all the
- imaginable variations in failures and their causes. If you are
- using this section as a guide to troubleshooting, please read
- through its sub-sections in order. In each part, I have assumed
- that any problem identified in a prior part has been detected and
- corrected.</p>
-
- <p>If the basic suggestions we make here do not identify the source
- of your problem, you should post a troubleshooting report to the <a
- href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]">mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]</a>
- mailing list. Before doing so, please read over the <a
- href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1891&group_id=13751";>
- Troubleshooting Request HowTo</a> for guidelines that will let you
- post in the way most likely to elicit prompt help. While these
- guidelines are in no way mandatory, they do reflect the preferences
- of many of the people who volunteer their time to troubleshoot the
- setup of new users of LEAF routers.</p>
-
- <p>This and the next few sections take you through the steps needed
- to establish connectivity between the network(s) served by your
- router/firewall and any host accessible via the Internet. In each
- step (until the last), we focus on the application "ping" to
- minimize the complexity of the test and to generate predictable
- diagnostic output. Occasionally, "ping" fails in situations where
- other connections succeed, so do allow for that possibility as you
- test your connection.</p>
-
- <p>"ping" fails in three common ways, and the different messages
- imply different reasons for the failure.</p>
-
- <ul>
- <li>Type 1: nothing to the screen; when you press CRTL-C, you get a
- message like "3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100%
- packet loss". This sort of failure means that the host you are
- pinging from believes that it knows how to route packets to the IP
- address you are testing, but it receives no response. Assuming the
- host exists, it typically means a physical failure of the
- connection, an error in the host's routing table, a configuration
- somewhere between the source and destination hosts, or a
- configuration error in the remote host.</li>
-
- <li>Type 2: immediate response to the screen reading "No route to
- host". This sort of failure typically means an error in the routing
- table; you are trying to ping an address on a network that you have
- not told the host how to find.</li>
-
- <li>Type 3: immediate response to the screen reading: "sendto():
- operation not permitted. This sort of failure typically means an
- error in the firewalling rules on the host; when you get this
- failure on a LEAF router, it typically means that you have set
- ipfwadm (e.g., LRP 2.9.x with 2.0.x kernels) or ipchains (e.g.,
- EigerStein, Oxygen, LRP 2.9.x with 2.2 kernels) rules so that
- packets destined for that destination are blocked by the
- firewalling rules.</li>
- </ul>
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! If you still have questions or concerns regarding this document,
! please feel free to either <a
! href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post
! on the mailing list</a> or <a
! href="https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751";>
! submit a support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will
! be glad to assist you further.
--- 4,17 ----
<!-- DocManager ID: 4099 -->
! <h3>Document Title</h3>
! <p><em>Authors:  Your Name<br />
! Revision:  x.xx<br />
! Date:  yyyy-mm-dd</em></p>
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><b><a
href="http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_xxxx.html";>Print
Document</a></b></p>
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm">If you still have questions or concerns regarding this
document, please feel free to either <a
href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post on the mailing
list</a> or <a href="/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751">submit a
support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will be glad to assist you
further.</p>
Index: docid_4100.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/leaf/doc/docmanager/docid_4100.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -C2 -d -r1.3 -r1.4
*** docid_4100.html 8 Mar 2003 17:43:47 -0000 1.3
--- docid_4100.html 12 Mar 2003 18:20:44 -0000 1.4
***************
*** 4,56 ****
<!-- DocManager ID: 4100 -->
! <h3>Why can't the LEAF router ping hosts on the Internet?</h3>
!
! <p><em>Authors: Ray Olszewski<br />
! Revision: 0.2<br />
! Date: 2001-07-18</em></p>
!
<hr />
! <b><a
! href="http://leaf.sourceforge.net/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_4100.html";>
! Print Document</a> | <a
! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1436&group_id=13751";>
! Next</a> | <a
! href="http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=1435&group_id=13751";>
! Previous</a></b>
!
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
- <p>ping failures here can generate type 1 and type 3 errors.
- (Please see an earlier answer if you need to know what types 1, 2,
- and 3 are.)</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type 1 error ... make sure that the IP address that
- you entered for your default gateway is in fact the correct default
- gateway provided by your ISP. Check your routing table with
- "netstat -nr".</p>
-
- <p>If you get a type 3 error ... check your firewalling rules to
- see if packets destined for the host you are trying to ping are
- blocked. Check with these commands:</p>
-
- <pre>
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.0.x kernel --
- ipfwadm -Fnle
- ipfwadm -Inle
- ipfwadm -Onle
- ipfwadm -Mnle
-
- LEAF routers using the 2.2.x kernel --
- ipchains -L -n -v
- </pre>
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! If you still have questions or concerns regarding this document,
! please feel free to either <a
! href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post
! on the mailing list</a> or <a
! href="https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751";>
! submit a support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will
! be glad to assist you further.
--- 4,17 ----
<!-- DocManager ID: 4100 -->
! <h3>Document Title</h3>
! <p><em>Authors:  Your Name<br />
! Revision:  x.xx<br />
! Date:  yyyy-mm-dd</em></p>
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><b><a
href="http://leaf-project.org/pub/doc/docmanager/docid_xxxx.html";>Print
Document</a></b></p>
<hr />
<!-- begin document body -->
<!-- end document body -->
<hr />
! <p style="margin-top: 0cm">If you still have questions or concerns regarding this
document, please feel free to either <a
href="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/leaf-user";>post on the mailing
list</a> or <a href="/tracker/?func=add&group_id=13751&atid=213751">submit a
support request</a>. A member of the LEAF community will be glad to assist you
further.</p>
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