The 12/24 clock was only "standard" in England and France. Nuremberg hours (separate counts for daytime and nighttime) lasted until 1811, Italian hours (1-24 beginning at evening twilight) until the 1860s, Japanese time until 1873. I don't know when Bohemian hours were done away with. Some parts of France used canonical hours until the early 20th century. There is also Chinese time, Hindu muhurtas, Jewish zmanim, and the prayer times in Islam--all of which are different from the 12/24 hours with 60 minutes.
Standard times before the 19th century are an illusion created by only focusing on the history of the representations that lasted into the present and those representations became global because of empire and colonialism. Cheers, Kevin Kevin K. Birth, Professor Department of Anthropology Queens College, City University of New York 65-30 Kissena Boulevard Flushing, NY 11367 telephone: 718/997-5518 "We may live longer but we may be subject to peculiar contagion and spiritual torpor or illiteracies of the imagination" --Wilson Harris "Tempus est mundi instabilis motus, rerumque labentium cursus." --Hrabanus Maurus On 10/1/14 12:13 PM, "Tony Finch" <[email protected]> wrote: >Kevin Birth <[email protected]> wrote: > >> For most of human history there were no global time standards. In >>Europe, >> many city states had their own distinctive times--Nuremberg Time, >>Italian >> Time, Bohemian Time . . . > >But before there were standard times there were standard representations >of time, e.g. the 12/24 hour clock and base 60 fractions. > >Tony. >-- >f.anthony.n.finch <[email protected]> http://dotat.at/ >Trafalgar: Cyclonic in northwest, otherwise mainly northerly or >northwesterly >5 or 6. Slight or moderate. Showers in northwest. Good. >_______________________________________________ >LEAPSECS mailing list >[email protected] >https://pairlist6.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs _______________________________________________ LEAPSECS mailing list [email protected] https://pairlist6.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs
