Author: jhuntwork
Date: 2006-04-08 12:31:59 -0600 (Sat, 08 Apr 2006)
New Revision: 7494
Modified:
branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter01/changelog.xml
branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/chapter06.xml
branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/createfiles.xml
branches/udev_update/BOOK/general.ent
Log:
Added a command to create an empty /etc/mtab file early in chapter 6. This
avoids testsuite failures in e2fsprogs and possibly other programs that
expect /etc/mtab to be present. Explanation from Dan Nicholson, slightly
modified.
Also merged the 'Creating Essential Symlinks' section with 'Creating passwd,
group and log Files'.
Modified: branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter01/changelog.xml
===================================================================
--- branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter01/changelog.xml 2006-04-07 19:22:14 UTC
(rev 7493)
+++ branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter01/changelog.xml 2006-04-08 18:31:59 UTC
(rev 7494)
@@ -37,6 +37,19 @@
-->
<listitem>
+ <para>April 8, 2006</para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>[jhuntwork] - Added a command to create an empty /etc/mtab
file early
+ in chapter 6. This avoids testsuite failures in e2fsprogs and
possibly other
+ programs that expect /etc/mtab to be present. Explanation from Dan
Nicholson,
+ slightly modified. Also merged the 'Creating Essential Symlinks'
section with
+ 'Creating passwd, group and log Files'.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
<para>April 6, 2006</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
Modified: branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/chapter06.xml
===================================================================
--- branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/chapter06.xml 2006-04-07 19:22:14 UTC
(rev 7493)
+++ branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/chapter06.xml 2006-04-08 18:31:59 UTC
(rev 7494)
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"; href="chroot.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude";
href="creatingdirs.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude";
href="createfiles.xml"/>
- <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"; href="pwdgroup.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude";
href="linux-libc-headers.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"; href="man-pages.xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"; href="glibc.xml"/>
Modified: branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/createfiles.xml
===================================================================
--- branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/createfiles.xml 2006-04-07 19:22:14 UTC
(rev 7493)
+++ branches/udev_update/BOOK/chapter06/createfiles.xml 2006-04-08 18:31:59 UTC
(rev 7494)
@@ -8,8 +8,32 @@
<sect1 id="ch-system-createfiles">
<?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?>
- <title>Creating Essential Symlinks</title>
+ <title>Creating Essential Files and Symlinks</title>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-createfiles">
+ <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-createfiles">
+ <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-createfiles">
+ <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-createfiles">
+ <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-createfiles">
+ <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-createfiles">
+ <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
<para>Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not exist yet.
In
order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic links which
will be
replaced by real files throughout the course of this chapter after the
software
@@ -20,4 +44,94 @@
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv bash /bin/sh</userinput></screen>
+ <para>A proper Linux system maintains a list of the mounted file systems in
+ the file <filename>/etc/mtab</filename>. Normally, this file would be
+ created when we mount a new file system. Since we will not be mounting any
+ file systems inside our chroot environment, create an empty file for
+ utilities that expect the presence of <filename>/etc/mtab</filename>:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>touch /etc/mtab</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to be
+ able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there
+ must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+ <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
+
+ <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the
following
+ command:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
+<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal>
+EOF</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>The actual password for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
+ (the <quote>x</quote> used here is just a placeholder) will be set
later.</para>
+
+ <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the
following
+ command:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
+<literal>root:x:0:
+bin:x:1:
+sys:x:2:
+kmem:x:3:
+tty:x:4:
+tape:x:5:
+daemon:x:6:
+floppy:x:7:
+disk:x:8:
+lp:x:9:
+dialout:x:10:
+audio:x:11:
+video:x:12:
+utmp:x:13:
+usb:x:14:
+cdrom:x:15:</literal>
+EOF</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>The created groups are not part of any standard—they are groups
+ decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in this
+ chapter, and in part by common convention employed by a number of existing
+ Linux distributions. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink
+ url="http://www.linuxbase.org"/>) recommends only that, besides the group
+ <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem> with a Group ID (GID) of 0,
+ a group <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be
+ present. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system
+ administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but
+ rather use the group's name.</para>
+
+ <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a new
+ shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref
+ linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and the
+ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename>
+ files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now
+ work.</para>
+
+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login
+h</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
+ <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
+ directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it
has
+ executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as they
are
+ installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for the
duration
+ of this chapter.</para>
+
+ <para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and
+ <command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log
+ files to record information such as who was logged into the system and
+ when. However, these programs will not write to the log files if they
+ do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them
+ proper permissions:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
+chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
+chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog</userinput></screen>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users
+ that are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename>
+ file records all logins and logouts. The
+ <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when
+ each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> file
+ records the bad login attempts.</para>
+
</sect1>
Modified: branches/udev_update/BOOK/general.ent
===================================================================
--- branches/udev_update/BOOK/general.ent 2006-04-07 19:22:14 UTC (rev
7493)
+++ branches/udev_update/BOOK/general.ent 2006-04-08 18:31:59 UTC (rev
7494)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!ENTITY version "udev_update-20060407">
-<!ENTITY releasedate "April 7, 2006">
+<!ENTITY version "udev_update-20060408">
+<!ENTITY releasedate "April 8, 2006">
<!ENTITY milestone "6.2">
<!ENTITY generic-version "udev_update"> <!-- Use "development", "testing", or
"x.y[-pre{x}]" -->
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