> On Jul 30, 2016, at 5:50 PM, John Peterson <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> 
> 
>> On Jul 30, 2016, at 9:10 AM, [email protected] wrote:
>> 
>> Dear developer,
>> 
>> For solving a Navier-Stokes equation by a P2P1 FEM, I want to impose 
>> specific pressure values on the outflow boundary condition.
>> The following treatment may cause error since the degrees of freedom of 
>> pressure is that using first order, which is smaller than the second order 
>> DOF for velocity.  Can I loop over only vertices of an element so that the 
>> P1 DOFs are accessed?  Using elem->n_vertices() rather than
>> elem->n_nodes()? Thank you!
>> 
>> 
>> 
>>       for (unsigned int s=0; s<elem->n_sides(); s++)
>>         if (elem->neighbor(s) == NULL)
>>           {
>>             AutoPtr<Elem> side (elem->build_side(s));
>>             for (unsigned int ns=0; ns<side->n_nodes(); ns++)
>>               {
>>                    ... ...
>>                 for (unsigned int n=0; n<elem->n_nodes(); n++)
>>                   if (elem->node(n) == side->node(ns))
>>                     {
>>                               Kpp(n,n) += penalty;
>>                     }
>>               } // end face node loop
>>           } // end if (elem->neighbor(side) == NULL)
>> 
> 
> 
> You can probably do this in libmesh but I don't think it's well-posed unless 
> you are solving an alternate "split" formulation of the NS equations which 
> involves a pressure-Poisson equation.  See also the paper by Gresho & Sani on 
> this topic.

Outflow BCs for Navier-Stokes are tricky. Split formulations can make it hard 
to know what BCs you are “really imposing”. For planar boundaries, I have had 
much better luck using normal traction BCs + zero-slip tangential, which 
reduces to a pressure boundary condition along the boundary thanks to the 
divergence-free condition. Note that there is a fairly well known “back flow 
divergence” issue with these kinds of open boundary conditions at stagnation 
points.
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