Hi, my fingers are on fire, it's almost morning in here, so excuse the so many mistakes and not perfect sync with the video, and that this is not yet under a version control system.
But here it is: a subtitle for Richard Stallman's video about Software Freedom Day 2016. Hope that can be useful around there. Regards. Thadeu Cascardo.
1 00:00:08,911 --> 00:00:11,040 Hello, and welcome to Software Freedom Day. 2 00:00:11,948 --> 00:00:14,463 I am Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Movement. 3 00:00:15,503 --> 00:00:18,429 To explain basic ideas of Free Software. 4 00:00:19,854 --> 00:00:22,736 Freedom means having control of your own life. 5 00:00:23,623 --> 00:00:26,507 Having control of the activites you do in your life. 6 00:00:27,614 --> 00:00:30,268 Now that we use software for some many of the things we do, 7 00:00:30,368 --> 00:00:36,757 to have control of our own lives, we need control of the software that we are using, 8 00:00:36,757 --> 00:00:38,568 that is doing our computing. 9 00:00:38,568 --> 00:00:43,534 With any program, the are two possibilities: 10 00:00:43,634 --> 00:00:46,656 either the user controls the program, 11 00:00:46,756 --> 00:00:49,644 or the program controls the users. 12 00:00:49,744 --> 00:00:51,945 It's always one or the other. 13 00:00:52,045 --> 00:00:54,244 When the users control the program, 14 00:00:54,344 --> 00:00:57,551 that's free software. 15 00:00:57,651 --> 00:01:00,937 That software respects the user's freedom and community. 16 00:01:01,037 --> 00:01:07,136 It's ethic, legitimate, in a way, it's made available for people to use. 17 00:01:07,236 --> 00:01:12,583 When the user does not control the program, 18 00:01:12,683 --> 00:01:16,969 then the program controls the user, 19 00:01:17,069 --> 00:01:21,738 and the program's owner or developer controls the program. 20 00:01:21,838 --> 00:01:27,205 So that non-free program puts the developer in a position 21 00:01:27,305 --> 00:01:29,994 of power over the users. 22 00:01:30,094 --> 00:01:33,071 And that is why it is an injustice. 23 00:01:33,171 --> 00:01:38,018 So, every program is either free software, 24 00:01:38,118 --> 00:01:41,355 which is distributed in a just and ethical way. 25 00:01:41,455 --> 00:01:46,023 Or it is proprietary software and injust. 26 00:01:46,123 --> 00:01:48,796 And we need to kick it out of our lives. 27 00:01:48,896 --> 00:01:53,667 In order for a program to be free software, 28 00:01:53,767 --> 00:01:57,147 it has to give us the four essential freedoms. 29 00:01:57,247 --> 00:02:02,595 Freedom 0 in the freedom to run the program as you wish, 30 00:02:02,695 --> 00:02:05,927 for any purpose. 31 00:02:06,027 --> 00:02:09,081 Freedom 1 is the freedom to study the program source code, 32 00:02:09,181 --> 00:02:13,781 and change it so it does your computing activity the way you wish. 33 00:02:13,881 --> 00:02:19,683 These two freedoms give us separately control over the program. 34 00:02:19,783 --> 00:02:25,099 I am free to change my copies and you are free to change your copies. 35 00:02:25,199 --> 00:02:29,302 But separately control is not enough. 36 00:02:29,402 --> 00:02:32,641 Most users are not programmers. 37 00:02:32,741 --> 00:02:34,918 They don't know how to study and change source code. 38 00:02:35,018 --> 00:02:39,417 But they deserve in participating in the control of what the program does. 39 00:02:39,517 --> 00:02:45,806 That means we need collective control of the program, 40 00:02:45,906 --> 00:02:48,798 as well as separately individual control. 41 00:02:48,898 --> 00:02:52,798 Collective control means you are free to work with others. 42 00:02:52,898 --> 00:02:57,870 To control together what that program does when you run it. 43 00:02:57,970 --> 00:03:03,683 And collective control requires two more essential freedoms. 44 00:03:03,783 --> 00:03:10,388 Freedom 2 is the freedom to make exact copies and distribute it to others when you wish. 45 00:03:10,488 --> 00:03:16,893 And freedom 3 is the freedom to make copies of your modified versions, 46 00:03:16,993 --> 00:03:20,807 and distribute it to others when you wish. 47 00:03:20,907 --> 00:03:24,702 These two freedoms make it possible for users that wish to collaborate 48 00:03:24,802 --> 00:03:26,853 to do so. 49 00:03:26,953 --> 00:03:31,305 Because whoever makes the modified version with freedom 3, 50 00:03:31,405 --> 00:03:34,352 can make copies and distribute them to others in the group. 51 00:03:34,452 --> 00:03:38,581 And they, using freedom 2, can make more copies of that same version, 52 00:03:38,681 --> 00:03:41,685 and distribute them to others in the group 53 00:03:41,785 --> 00:03:43,155 until they will all get it. 54 00:03:43,255 --> 00:03:46,932 But in addition they are free to offer copies to others, 55 00:03:47,032 --> 00:03:53,102 even publishing their versions meaning offering them to everyone in general. 56 00:03:53,202 --> 00:03:58,928 So, when a program carries these four freedoms, 57 00:03:59,028 --> 00:04:04,518 the user controls the program and it's free software. 58 00:04:04,618 --> 00:04:10,160 I should make it clear that these freedoms should be for all users of software, 59 00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:18,566 both individuals and organizations, whether it's commercial use or non-commercial use. 60 00:04:18,666 --> 00:04:22,760 They are all areas where we should have freedom. 61 00:04:22,860 --> 00:04:29,469 And, thus, freedoms 2 and 3, when we talked about 62 00:04:29,569 --> 00:04:32,902 to redistribute or to distribute modified versions, 63 00:04:33,002 --> 00:04:36,298 that includes both giving away copies and selling copies. 64 00:04:36,398 --> 00:04:41,187 We are not against businesses as such. 65 00:04:41,287 --> 00:04:44,537 We are against letting businesses have power over people. 66 00:04:44,637 --> 00:04:51,731 But non-free program gives its developer unjust power over the users. 67 00:04:51,831 --> 00:04:56,342 And nowadays developers are fully aware of this power. 68 00:04:56,442 --> 00:05:01,655 And they are constantly looking for ways to use that power 69 00:05:01,755 --> 00:05:05,890 against the users so that they can make more money. 70 00:05:05,990 --> 00:05:11,906 They do this by putting malicious features into proprietary programs. 71 00:05:12,006 --> 00:05:17,382 Proprietary programs now frequently do things like spy on users, 72 00:05:17,482 --> 00:05:23,112 stop users from doing what they would naturally want to do, 73 00:05:23,212 --> 00:05:25,909 impose censorship on users. 74 00:05:26,009 --> 00:05:32,498 They have backdoors through which the proprietors can attack the users. 75 00:05:32,598 --> 00:05:37,159 There are other schemes that they use to sabotage users. 76 00:05:37,259 --> 00:05:44,362 I won't go into all the details here, but look at gnu.org/proprietary 77 00:05:44,462 --> 00:05:51,409 for long lists of examples that are proved by articles in the press. 78 00:05:51,509 --> 00:05:58,927 If you use a proprietary program, there's a good chance it's designed to mistreat you. 79 00:05:59,027 --> 00:06:05,627 In fact, since many of the most widely used proprietary programs 80 00:06:05,727 --> 00:06:12,818 including proprietary operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS, Android, 81 00:06:12,918 --> 00:06:18,107 have malicious functionalities in proprietary code, 82 00:06:18,207 --> 00:06:25,151 so a person who uses proprietary software is almost certainly being victimized 83 00:06:25,251 --> 00:06:27,254 in these ways. 84 00:06:27,354 --> 00:06:29,584 Once we want to have freedom in our computing, 85 00:06:29,684 --> 00:06:32,832 how do we get free software to actually use? 86 00:06:32,932 --> 00:06:37,282 The first thing you need to make a computer do any good 87 00:06:37,382 --> 00:06:38,710 is an operating system. 88 00:06:38,810 --> 00:06:42,743 In 1983, when I started the free software movement, 89 00:06:42,843 --> 00:06:45,323 there was no free operating system. 90 00:06:45,423 --> 00:06:48,624 All the operating systems were proprietary, 91 00:06:48,724 --> 00:06:53,103 so the only way to run a computer was with proprietary software. 92 00:06:53,203 --> 00:06:59,385 As a practical plan to get us to freedom, I started developing 93 00:06:59,485 --> 00:07:03,620 a free software operating system GNU. 94 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:07,663 Thousands of others have contributed to developing the GNU system. 95 00:07:07,763 --> 00:07:12,692 And in 1991, it was nearly complete. 96 00:07:12,792 --> 00:07:17,070 All that was missing was one component, the kernel. 97 00:07:17,170 --> 00:07:24,438 In that year, Mr. Torvalds began developing Linux, a kernel. 98 00:07:24,538 --> 00:07:28,651 In 1991, Linux was proprietary software, 99 00:07:28,751 --> 00:07:31,361 but in 1992, he made it free. 100 00:07:31,461 --> 00:07:37,707 At that point, it was possible to use Linux to fill the last gap in the GNU system. 101 00:07:37,807 --> 00:07:42,151 This contribution is GNU with Linux added. 102 00:07:42,251 --> 00:07:44,795 In other words, it's GNU/Linux. 103 00:07:44,895 --> 00:07:53,280 In fact, when people say the use Linux, they are actually using the GNU system with Linux added. 104 00:07:53,380 --> 00:07:58,706 But when the call it Linux, they are attributing our work to someone else, 105 00:07:58,806 --> 00:08:01,327 which is not fair to us. 106 00:08:01,427 --> 00:08:08,240 So, please, make an effort to give us credit for our work. 107 00:08:08,340 --> 00:08:14,584 Please, give us equal mention when you talk about the system, which is basically GNU plus Linux. 108 00:08:14,684 --> 00:08:18,023 Please, call it GNU/Linux. 109 00:08:18,123 --> 00:08:23,380 A political movement for freedom frequently encounters opposition. 110 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:26,570 The Free Software Movement is no exception. 111 00:08:26,670 --> 00:08:31,681 During the 1990s, as people became aware of free software, 112 00:08:31,781 --> 00:08:34,869 because of the popularity of the GNU/Linux system, 113 00:08:34,969 --> 00:08:39,718 there was a debate whithin the free software community 114 00:08:39,818 --> 00:08:42,781 between people with different political views. 115 00:08:42,881 --> 00:08:46,421 Some of us were free software activists. 116 00:08:46,521 --> 00:08:46,655 We said for our freedom's sake, we must replace all proprietary software. 117 00:08:46,755 --> 00:08:54,789 We got to use free software alone. 118 00:08:54,889 --> 00:08:59,841 Others liked free software, but didn't agree with our political views. 119 00:08:59,941 --> 00:09:04,485 They participated in the community for convenience's sake. 120 00:09:04,585 --> 00:09:11,000 In 1998, some in the second group coined the term "Open Source". 121 00:09:11,100 --> 00:09:15,284 as a way of referring to basically the same programs, 122 00:09:15,384 --> 00:09:20,692 but without raising the issue in terms of right or wrong. 123 00:09:20,792 --> 00:09:24,699 Keep in mind that if you say free software, 124 00:09:24,799 --> 00:09:32,372 then you are talking about a political movement for freedom in our computing. 125 00:09:32,472 --> 00:09:39,126 And if you say open source, you are covering up the issue of freedom. 126 00:09:39,226 --> 00:09:40,698 They are not the same. 127 00:09:40,798 --> 00:09:46,852 You are free to advocate either one or neither or something else. 128 00:09:46,952 --> 00:09:50,661 I advocate free software. 129 00:09:50,761 --> 00:09:56,465 I complain when people associate me with the term open source 130 00:09:56,565 --> 00:09:59,533 because that stands for views that are not mine. 131 00:09:59,633 --> 00:10:04,996 I hope you will give the Free Software Movement your visible support. 132 00:10:05,096 --> 00:10:12,236 I am sorry to say that most of the distributions of GNU/Linux are not entirely free. 133 00:10:12,336 --> 00:10:18,845 They are mostly made of free software but they contain some proprietary software as well. 134 00:10:18,945 --> 00:10:24,808 If you switch from Windows or Mac OS to one of those distros, it's a big step forward, 135 00:10:24,908 --> 00:10:27,668 but it does not get you all the way to freedom. 136 00:10:27,768 --> 00:10:32,583 If you want to choose an entirely freedom-respecting GNU/Linux distro, 137 00:10:32,683 --> 00:10:40,279 please look at gnu.org/distros for a list and more information. 138 00:10:40,379 --> 00:10:47,162 The most important place to campaing for free software is in education. 139 00:10:47,262 --> 00:10:53,623 All level of schools should teach only free software. 140 00:10:53,723 --> 00:11:01,421 To teach people to use proprietary software is planting dependence in society. 141 00:11:01,521 --> 00:11:07,720 It's pushing people to accept the rule of corporations. 142 00:11:07,820 --> 00:11:10,370 Schools should never do this. 143 00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:14,728 For more information, look at gnu.org/education. 144 00:11:14,828 --> 00:11:19,669 Government agencies also should move to free software, 145 00:11:19,769 --> 00:11:25,467 so that they too avoid being under the power of companies, 146 00:11:25,567 --> 00:11:29,473 in many cases foreign companies, 147 00:11:29,573 --> 00:11:33,686 surely, you do no want your government agencies to be using software 148 00:11:33,786 --> 00:11:40,281 that is under the power of companies such as Microsoft or Apple or Google or Adobe, 149 00:11:40,381 --> 00:11:42,601 or any other. 150 00:11:42,701 --> 00:11:48,410 Look at gnu.org/government for more information. 151 00:11:48,510 --> 00:11:52,588 There is a lot of other useful information in gnu.org. 152 00:11:52,688 --> 00:12:00,907 gnu.org/philosophy addresses many specific questions related to free software. 153 00:12:01,007 --> 00:12:06,217 gnu.org/licenses discusses free software licensing. 154 00:12:06,317 --> 00:12:15,694 gnu.org/gnu discusses the history of the GNU project and the GNU operating system. 155 00:12:15,794 --> 00:12:23,306 gnu.org/distros describes the various free and non-free distributions. 156 00:12:23,406 --> 00:12:30,068 And gnu.org/help describes ways that you can contribute. 157 00:12:30,168 --> 00:12:33,935 Many different ways and no all of them involve programming. 158 00:12:34,035 --> 00:12:38,133 You don't have to feel that if you are not a programmer, 159 00:12:38,233 --> 00:12:42,201 that means you can't help us. Take a look at gnu.org/help 160 00:12:42,301 --> 00:12:46,481 and see which forms of help you can do. 161 00:12:46,581 --> 00:12:53,843 When you write a program that you recently release to the public, 162 00:12:53,943 --> 00:12:55,335 you should make it free software. 163 00:12:55,435 --> 00:13:01,022 But there are many different ways to do that, many different software licenses. 164 00:13:01,122 --> 00:13:12,937 Please see gnu.org/licenses/license-recommendations.html for our guidance. 165 00:13:13,037 --> 00:13:18,374 Our ways of deciding which licenses to use for a work based on 166 00:13:18,474 --> 00:13:21,840 details of the situation. 167 00:13:21,940 --> 00:13:27,253 In most cases, it's best to release under a copyleft license 168 00:13:27,353 --> 00:13:33,938 to make sure that others can't convert your code into a proprietary program 169 00:13:34,038 --> 00:13:37,490 and use it to subjugate others.
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