Fixes to midi2ly.py: better note lengths, now supports meter changes

(1) Note lengths currently are fractions like 61/120. If the numerator
can be changed by 1 to get a better fraction, it is done. Quarter
notes are also replaced with eighths/sixteenths if appropriate.
For example: a duration of 4*61/120 is changed to 4*1/2 and then
to 8. (2) Current version of midi2ly does not support meter changes.
Patch does.

Resolves: #5119

http://codereview.appspot.com/325800043


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** [issues:#5119] MIDI2Ly fraction reduction**

**Status:** Started
**Created:** Sun Apr 16, 2017 02:32 PM UTC by Colin Campbell
**Last Updated:** Sat May 27, 2017 08:21 AM UTC
**Owner:** nobody


Submitted by Christopher Heckman:

When midi2ly is run, it will print fractions with large numerators
and denominators, like

r4*361/120 e4*29/120 r4*31/120 e4*59/120 r4*361/120 e4*29/120

when the actual durations are more likely to be

r2. e4*1/4 r4*1/4 e4*1/2 r2. e4*1/4 r4*1/4 e4*1/2 r2. e4*1/4

I have written a patch to fix this. Inside of the class Duration (line
129), replace the dump function with:

---

    def dump (self):
        den = self.den; num = self.num;
        # code below by C C Heckman
        # looks for a neighboring fraction that reduces
        if num > 1:
            gcd1 = gcd (num - 1, den)
            gcd2 = gcd (num, den)
            gcd3 = gcd (num + 1, den)
            if gcd1 > gcd2 and gcd1 > gcd3:
                d = -1; g = gcd1
            elif gcd3 > gcd2 and gcd3 > gcd1:
                d = +1; g = gcd3
            else:
                d = 0; g = gcd2
                # for now, do nothing
            num = (num + d) / g
            den = den / g
        if den == 1:
            if num == 1:
                s = '%d' % self.dur
            elif num == 3 and self.dur != 1:
                s = '%d.' % (self.dur / 2)
            else:
                s = '%d*%d' % (self.dur, num)
        else:
            s = '%d*%d/%d' % (self.dur, num, den)
        # end modified code

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