Dear Joseph,
I would like to suggest to read the learning manual. Many of these
issues are explained there. It really helps.
To your 3rd question:
% You started with the simplest form:
<<
\chords { a4:m }
\relative c' { a b }
\addlyrics { a }
>>
% Lilypond does many things behind the scenes there. To make it more
% explicit, you could also write the following lines.
<<
\new ChordNames \chordmode { a4:m }
\new Staff \new Voice = "voice" \relative c' { a b }
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { a } % or \new Lyrics \lyricsto "voice" { a }
>>
% Now, you are ready to replace the content of each context with
% variables. You need to tell Lilypond the entry mode for your
% variables and the context in your score setup:
harmony = \chordmode {a4:m }
melody = \relative c' { a b }
words = \lyricmode { a }
<<
\new ChordNames \harmony
\new Staff \new Voice = "voice" \melody
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "voice" \words
>>
% Please note, that this example is identical with the one before, if
% you replace the variables with their right hand side again.
In short (and only roughly correct):
\chords = \new ChordNames + \chordmode
{ } = \new Staff + { }
\addlyrics = \new Lyrics + \lyricmode
It works the same way for \figures, \drums.
I cannot explain why sometimes \lyricsto "voice" and \lyricmode works
together and sometimes not.
Cheers,
Joram
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