Hi Christopher,
>> 1) How can I have this beaming in 4/4 as default? see attached image.
> http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.19/Documentation/learning/automatic-and-manual-beams
\version "2.20.0"
\relative {
\overrideTimeSignatureSettings
4/4 % whenever you use \time 4/4
1/8 % use 8th notes as beat
1,1,2,4 % group them like this
#'() % no exceptions
\time 4/4
r8 a' \repeat unfold 14 a
}
It was not clear to me from your image how you would like to beam a
measure without rests. So probably this answer is wrong even though the
first measure looks like yours.
>> 2) Is there a way to justify staves?
>
> http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.19/Documentation/notation/changing-spacing
In particular:
\paper {
ragged-last-bottom = ##f
}
Cheers,
Joram