>> * Single-digit numbers are left-aligned.
>
> Why? They have equal width. Do you rather mean that the reference
> point is supposed to be on the left edge?
Yes. Sorry for the sloppy wording.
> What is the alignment supposed to be if there are _only_ two-digit
> numbers?
This situation doesn't happen in figured bass. Even if there is no
single-digit number (which is very unlikely), the two-digit number has
to be aligned as shown in the drawing to get the positioning right
under the corresponding music.
Werner