Wonderful! Thanks Joseph so much!
On Sun, Jun 17, 2012 at 6:22 PM, Joseph Rushton Wakeling <
[email protected]> wrote:
> On 16/06/12 03:24, Jonghyun Kim wrote:
>
>> How can I use and hear(midi) 1/16 microtones?
>>
>> I can write and hear {c cih cisih...} But I don't know more...
>>
>
> 1/16-tone intervals are supported but not out-of-the-box, you will have to
> define your own note-names and map those to corresponding accidentals.
>
> Keith O'Hara's suggestion to look at the Makam setup is a good one. If
> you're using Linux you should be able to find makam.ly in
> /usr/share/lilypond/[version-**number]/ly/ -- I guess there will be a
> corresponding directory in the Program Files for Windows -- and going
> through this should give you a good idea of how to create your own custom
> accidental setup.
>
> You can also look in scm/define-note-names.scm for the more standard pitch
> definitions used by default in LilyPond with different languages (Dutch,
> German, English, ...).
>
> Let's go through this step by step:
>
> (1) defining note alteration values
> ------------------------------**--------
>
> In makam.ly the file opens with some definitions of note alteration
> values:
>
> #(define-public EKSIK-IKI 5/18)
> #(define-public EKSIK-UC 6/18)
>
> #(define-public KOMA 1/9)
> #(define-public BAKIYE 4/9)
> #(define-public KUCUK 5/9)
> #(define-public BUYUKMUCENNEB 8/9)
>
> This is just defining a variable with those names (KOMA, BAKIYE, KUCUK,
> etc.) to be equal to those values. So you'll want to do something like,
>
> #(define-public SIXTEENTH-SHARP 1/16)
> #(define-public EIGHTH-SHARP 1/8)
>
> ... and so on as required; bear in mind that Lilypond by default has
> defined SHARP (=1/2), SEMI-SHARP (=1/4), THREE-Q-SHARP (=3/4), and
> corresponding values for flats (FLAT = -1/2, SEMI-FLAT = -1/4, ...).
>
>
> (2) defining note names
> -------------------------
>
> Once you've got all your alteration values defined, you can define note
> names. This is a mapping between the name of a pitch that you would write
> in a LilyPond source file (e.g. c, ces, ceh, ...) and a corresponding note
> name and alteration.
>
> In makam.ly you see:
>
> makamPitchNames = #`(
> (c . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
> (d . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
> (e . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
> (f . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 3 NATURAL))
> (g . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 4 NATURAL))
> (a . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 5 NATURAL))
> (b . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 6 NATURAL))
>
> (cc . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 KOMA))
> (dc . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 KOMA))
> (ec . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 KOMA))
> (fc . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 3 KOMA))
> (gc . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 4 KOMA))
> (ac . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 5 KOMA))
> (bc . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 6 KOMA))
>
> (cb . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 BAKIYE))
> (db . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 BAKIYE))
> (eb . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 BAKIYE))
> (fb . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 3 BAKIYE))
> (gb . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 4 BAKIYE))
> (ab . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 5 BAKIYE))
> (bb . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 6 BAKIYE))
>
> ... etc. ...
>
> What this is doing is saying that a written c corresponds to a note in
> octave -1 (i.e. the octave below middle C), with note name 0 (i.e. staff
> position C) and NATURAL alteration (i.e. no alteration).
>
> And by comparison, a written fc corresponds to a note in octave -1, with
> note name 3 (i.e. staff position F), and KOMA alteration, i.e. +1/9 of a
> tone.
>
> So you'd want to define pitches something like
>
> sixteenthPitchNames = #`(
> (c . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
> (d . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
> (e . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
> (f . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 3 NATURAL))
> (g . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 4 NATURAL))
> (a . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 5 NATURAL))
> (b . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 6 NATURAL))
>
> (csixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
> (dsixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
> (esixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
> (fsixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 3 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
> (gsixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 4 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
> (asixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 5 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
> (bsixteenthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 6 SIXTEENTH-SHARP))
>
> (ceighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 EIGHTH-SHARP))
> (deighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 EIGHTH-SHARP))
> (eeighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 EIGHTH-SHARP))
> (feighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 3 EIGHTH-SHARP))
> (geighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 4 EIGHTH-SHARP))
> (aeighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 5 EIGHTH-SHARP))
> (beighthsharp . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 6 EIGHTH-SHARP))
>
> ... and so on for 3/16, 1/4, and however many other accidental alterations
> you want both sharp and flat (unfortunately this is a bit of a drawn-out
> process the larger your spectrum of pitch alterations).
>
>
> (3) defining accidentals
> --------------------------
>
> Finally, you need to map your pitch alterations to accidental symbols.
> You can see in makam.ly:
>
> makamGlyphs = #`((1 . "accidentals.doublesharp")
> (8/9 . "accidentals.sharp.**slashslashslash.stemstem")
> (5/9 . "accidentals.sharp.**slashslashslash.stem")
> (4/9 . "accidentals.sharp")
> (1/9 . "accidentals.sharp.slashslash.**stem")
> (0 . "accidentals.natural")
> (-1/9 . "accidentals.mirroredflat")
> (-5/18 . ,(if eksikMirroredSlashedFlat
> "accidentals.mirroredflat.**backslash"
> "accidentals.mirroredflat"))
> (-6/18 . ,(if eksikMirroredSlashedFlat
> "accidentals.mirroredflat.**backslash"
> "accidentals.mirroredflat"))
> (-4/9 . "accidentals.flat.slash")
> (-5/9 . "accidentals.flat")
> (-8/9 . "accidentals.flat.slashslash")
> (-1 . "accidentals.flatflat"))
>
> So you'd need to do something corresponding for all the alterations you
> are interested in using (1, 15/16, 7/8, ....):
>
> sixteenthGlyphs = #`((1 . "accidentals.doublesharp")
> (1/2 . "accidentals.sharp")
> ...etc.
>
> The above should give you an idea of _some_ of the accidental symbols
> defined in LilyPond. I'm not sure where in the documentation (if anywhere)
> a complete list of the available symbols can be found; you might have to
> define your own, which is a process I'm not familiar with. :-(
>
> With all of that done you can then apply this to the score you're working
> on:
>
> \layout {
> \context {
> \Score
> \override KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = \sixteenthGlyphs
> \override Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = \sixteenthGlyphs
> \override AccidentalCautionary #'glyph-name-alist = \sixteenthGlyphs
> \override TrillPitchAccidental #'glyph-name-alist = \sixteenthGlyphs
> \override AmbitusAccidental #'glyph-name-alist = \sixteenthGlyphs
> }
> }
>
> I'd recommend to put all of this in a separate .ly file which you can
> include in your working scores:
>
> \include "sixteenthtones.ly"
>
> As you can see it's a bit of a long and laborious process defining each
> possible alteration, defining all the corresponding note-names and defining
> all the mappings to accidentals, but it is doable and will produce correct
> MIDI playback.
>
> A couple of small caveats: (1) you may run into issues with transposition,
> if you are producing transposed scores; (2) MIDI output assigns one MIDI
> channel per staff, so if you have a chord <c gsixteenthflat> it will not
> produce correct output, as the MIDI alteration used to alter the pitch by
> -1/16 will apply to both notes. However you may be able to work around
> this somewhat: see http://www.lilypond.org/doc/**
> v2.14/Documentation/notation/**creating-midi-files<http://www.lilypond.org/doc/v2.14/Documentation/notation/creating-midi-files>for
> more details.
>
>
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