Linux-Development-Sys Digest #857, Volume #6 Tue, 22 Jun 99 02:14:17 EDT
Contents:
Re: RAID-1 and 2.2.9 revisited (bill davidsen)
Re: Can Linux Boot and Run without a BIOS? (bill davidsen)
Re: Linux uid limits! (H. Peter Anvin)
Re: Run in background (ellis)
Re: Linux uid limits! (bill davidsen)
Re: Linux uid limits! (bill davidsen)
Guides to Linux Performance Tuning??? (Gopal Santhanam)
Re: Run in background (Juergen Heinzl)
Making dynamic libraries (mongoose)
Re: Making dynamic libraries (Frank Sweetser)
Re: You can now use Winmodems in Linux!!!!!!! (M. Buchenrieder)
Re: Embedded Linux Question (Wolfgang Denk)
Re: Game Server... ("Paul Heldens")
Re: Making dynamic libraries (mlw)
Install Mandrake 6.0 on laptop (compaq armada 6500) ("Diggy")
Re: Run in background (Eric George)
Re: PCNFS (Peter Samuelson)
Re: How to compile SMP driver( just -D__SMP__?) into RedHat 6.0 kernel? (Peter
Samuelson)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (bill davidsen)
Subject: Re: RAID-1 and 2.2.9 revisited
Date: 21 Jun 1999 21:56:13 GMT
In article <7kdopa$k8q$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| I'm currently installing a RAID 1(hardware) system with 2 mirrored 9GB
| SCSI drives and a 4GB IDE sytem disk.
| I have simple question - what's the most appropriate partitionig sheme
| for a web server? Why I shouldn't put the swap on the RAID drives?
Swap on RAID for reliability, not on RAID for performance. All the
mirrored i/o does a write to both drives, negating the advantage of
RAID-1 that you can have two reads going to different sectors, one on
each drive. By increasing the i/o count and head motion you lose some of
this.
--
bill davidsen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> CTO, TMR Associates, Inc
The Internet is not the fountain of youth, but some days it feels like
the fountain of immaturity.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (bill davidsen)
Subject: Re: Can Linux Boot and Run without a BIOS?
Date: 21 Jun 1999 21:17:40 GMT
In article <7kgeta$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Byron A Jeff <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| I can help you out here Bill. There was a Linux Journal article about an
| embedded system that did what you described. Go to www.linuxjournal.com and
| search for EPROM. Used a compressed filesystem that was loaded into a
| ramdisk.
Thanks. I've actually got the back issue. Couldn't remember where I'd
seen it, and I think someone had a post on it, perhaps in col.announce.
In any case, the original question is answered yes by all of us;-)
--
bill davidsen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> CTO, TMR Associates, Inc
The Internet is not the fountain of youth, but some days it feels like
the fountain of immaturity.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (H. Peter Anvin)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Linux uid limits!
Date: 21 Jun 1999 02:02:46 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (H. Peter Anvin)
Followup to: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
By author: Justin Vallon <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
In newsgroup: comp.os.linux.development.system
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Peter Samuelson) writes:
>
> > Nope. I cannot quote chapter and verse, but I think ANSI (and ISO, by
> > extension (no pun intended)) says something like this:
> >
> > sizeof(char)==1
>
> I think sizeof(X) returns the sizeof an object of type X in chars, so
> this is essentially the definition of sizeof().
>
> > sizeof(short int) >= 2
> > sizeof(int) >= 2
>
> I don't think so. You could have 8-bit short, 8-bit int, 8-bit long.
>
> > sizeof(long int) >= sizeof(int) >= sizeof(short int)
>
> This is true. I believe this is the only guarantee.
>
> > sizeof(long long int) is undefined since `long long int' is undefined
> >
> > I understand C9X, bowing to popular convention, will define `long long
> > int' to 64 bits, or at least define it at all. Currently it's a GNU C
> > (and maybe others) extension, not a standard.
>
> [ I've used it on Solaris. ] The only thing a standards organization
> will say, most likely, is that sizeof(long long int) >= sizeof(long
> int).
>
Not so. Per the C9x draft:
char is specified to be at least 8 bits.
short is specified to be at least 16 bits.
int is specified to be at least 16 bits.
long is specified to be at least 32 bits.
long long is specified to be at least 64 bits.
*In addition*,
sizeof(char) == 1,
sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(long) >= sizeof(int) >= sizeof(short) >= sizeof(char).
-hpa
--
"The user's computer downloads the ActiveX code and simulates a 'Blue
Screen' crash, a generally benign event most users are familiar with
and that would not necessarily arouse suspicions."
-- Security exploit description on http://www.zks.net/p3/how.asp
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (ellis)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.misc
Subject: Re: Run in background
Date: 21 Jun 1999 22:07:16 GMT
In article <7km7ds$nm3$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
vineet <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>How do I make my C program to run in background after getting initialised.
>I mean that the program should detach from the terminal and should run in
>background like a daemon.
Take a look at the source for any daemon that forks itself into
the background. There's lots of examples around.
--
http://www.fnet.net/~ellis/photo/
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (bill davidsen)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Linux uid limits!
Date: 21 Jun 1999 21:35:35 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
James Hewitt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| Okay, what is the "correct" way to specify an integer of a specific
| size so that code can be cross-platform? If there isn't an ANSI
| standard, is there at least a convention for Linux?
There is no standard way to limit size, X3J11 only promised minimum
size. You can use bitfields, but I believe they are limited in size to
sizeof(int) if you want to be totally portable.
When I left GE I package all my X3J11 notes and never unpacked them,
someone else will have to look up the wording.
--
bill davidsen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> CTO, TMR Associates, Inc
The Internet is not the fountain of youth, but some days it feels like
the fountain of immaturity.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (bill davidsen)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Linux uid limits!
Date: 21 Jun 1999 21:39:39 GMT
In article <7kdvqt$r3o$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Villy Kruse <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| But with millions of users the plain password file would be very slow for
| the sequenctial searches, and a more appropriate db style password file
| would be needed. With a new pam module that shouldn't be too difficult.
Maybe. I'll pass on that, I'm not sure it would apply at login.
| There is or used to be an upper limit on the user id that was much
| lower than 65535. If that still is the case I'm not sure. However,
| I've seen problems with cpio or tar if a user id doesn't fit within a
| 16 bit integer; that was on an aix system with a user nobody user id -2
| equal to 0xfffffffe.
You are probably thinking of inode numbers. Some versions of tar (ie.
old formats) support only 16 bits. The most common cpio format also has
that limitation, although the ANSI form has 32 bits, and the "crc"
format does as well. I usually use that one, so I can be sure which
files are bad, if any.
--
bill davidsen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> CTO, TMR Associates, Inc
The Internet is not the fountain of youth, but some days it feels like
the fountain of immaturity.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Gopal Santhanam)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc
Subject: Guides to Linux Performance Tuning???
Date: 21 Jun 1999 23:51:38 GMT
Hello,
I'd like to locate any references or guides on Linux system
performance tuning. I'd assume, to receive acceptance as an
enterprise level solution, there should exist an easy infrastructure
for tuning the OS. For example, Solaris and IRIX have the most
important kernel tunable parameters located in a central file. Those
OS's also include utilities that help assess bottlenecks in the memory
and network subsystems. Obviously these capabilities are of prime
importance for the sale of enterprise systems and are often developed
by the platforms' vendors!
Although my understanding is that VA Research and others offer high
performance Linux systems with support, I was hoping there might be
freely available guides on the topic of system tuning for a freely
available OS. I tried doing some quick searches on performance tuning
for Linux and found that there is very little documentation on the
subject. And, the little information I find is rather outdated.
Also, it appears that kernal tunable parameters are located in header
files without any documentation. Is this correct?
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance,
Gopal
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Juergen Heinzl)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.misc
Subject: Re: Run in background
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1999 21:59:23 GMT
In article <7km7ds$nm3$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, vineet wrote:
>How do I make my C program to run in background after getting initialised.
>I mean that the program should detach from the terminal and should run in
>background like a daemon.
You can take the easy way out, there is a BSD function ... daemon(3).
Cheers,
Juergen
--
\ Real name : J�rgen Heinzl \ no flames /
\ EMail Private : [EMAIL PROTECTED] \ send money instead /
------------------------------
From: mongoose <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.development.apps
Subject: Making dynamic libraries
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1999 19:08:06 -0500
Ok I know how to make a static library that I can compile my programs
with but how do I make a dynamic library? Is there a webpage or could
anyone give me some info on how to do it? Also when compiling in a
library as dynamic or static does it make any performance differences as
to the speed of the program?
-Mongoose, WPI student majoring in Computer Science.
"Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority,
it's time to pause and reflect." -Mark Twain
------------------------------
From: Frank Sweetser <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.development.apps
Subject: Re: Making dynamic libraries
Date: 21 Jun 1999 20:12:36 -0400
mongoose <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> Ok I know how to make a static library that I can compile my programs
> with but how do I make a dynamic library? Is there a webpage or could
the gcc info pages and the howto at metalab.unc.edu/LDP will give you more
info, but the biggest differences are
- compile code with -fpic to make it relocatable, and
- you should set the soname (-Wl,<name> IIRC)
> anyone give me some info on how to do it? Also when compiling in a
> library as dynamic or static does it make any performance differences as
> to the speed of the program?
in speed, no. where it will make a difference -
- memory useage (possibly). once you start using the library in multiple
different programs, they can all use the same code in memory if it's a
shared library. if it's linked staticly into each one, they'll each
load their own copy.
- future upgrades. again, this is much less of a big deal if only a
single program uses it. but, once other apps start useing the lib, you
can upgrade the library by replacing only the shared library file,
rather than all programs which staticly linked it in.
> -Mongoose, WPI student majoring in Computer Science.
i notice you're not subscribed to the worcester linux user's group. if
you're interested, we meet once a month in salisbury labs at WPI, the web
page is http://rob.acol.com/~wlug/ and the mailing list is at wlug at
paramount.ind.wpi.edu
--
Frank Sweetser rasmusin at wpi.edu fsweetser at blee.net | PGP key available
paramount.ind.wpi.edu RedHat 5.2 kernel 2.2.5 i586 | at public servers
Sam: Beer, Norm?
Norm: Have I gotten that predictable? Good.
-- Cheers, Don't Paint Your Chickens
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (M. Buchenrieder)
Subject: Re: You can now use Winmodems in Linux!!!!!!!
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1999 21:34:46 GMT
[Note F'Up-To: header]
Kevin Burton <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>Cool.. I am for it!
>Can we change the name to LinModems?
[...]
You shouldn't blindly believe everything posted on Usenet.
Michael
--
Michael Buchenrieder * [EMAIL PROTECTED] * http://www.muc.de/~mibu
Lumber Cartel Unit #456 (TINLC) & Official Netscum
Note: If you want me to send you email, don't munge your address.
------------------------------
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.m68k,sci.electronics.design,sci.electronics.misc
From: Wolfgang Denk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Embedded Linux Question
Date: Sun, 20 Jun 1999 18:51:34 GMT
"Sarlock T." <sarlock@no!spam.twcny.rr.com> writes:
>Tiny Web Server (Matchbox size, linux with 16MB RAM/16MB Flash ROM)
>http://www.pctvmag.com/tiny.html
>Or This one which is a more direct link for the matchbox server:
>http://matchbox.stanford.edu/
Another option instead of an Intel x86 architecture is to go with a
Motorola Embedded Controller, for instance one of the MPC8xx CPUs.
The smallest "board" I could lay hands on so far is just 44 mm x 54
mm (1.7" x 2.1"), a bit smaller than half a credit card. It has up to
64 MB RAM, 8 MB FLASH, 2 x RS232, parallel port, TP ethernet.
And yes, I have Linux (2.2.5) running on it...
>Adam wrote in message ...
>>
>>I have an idea I want to implement. The foundation of this idea resides on
>>an embedded controller (I personally like Motorola) running a symplified
>>version of a full-blown operating system (easier to develop "embedded"
>>applications using exisiting kernels, and APIs).
>>
>>What I have in mind is a Motorola 68K series processor/controller, running
>a
>>stripped-down version of Linux. I've seen solutions using a pentium SBC
>>with a 3.5" Hard drive attached to it -- thats too bulky for what I want to
>>do.
When you consider Motorola anyway the MPC8xx is probably ideal for
you: it's small, has low power consumption, and a lot of peripheral
devices integrated on-chip.
>>Instead of using a hard disk, I was thinking of using Flash memory for the
>>ROM section (this would store the operating system, system software -- to
>>flash the ROM portion when the OS needs updating, etc..) and standard DIMMs
>>for the RAM. The thing I can't understand (or grasp) is how Linux would
>use
>>RAM as it's file system.
The very same way as a boot floopy with a `initrd' (initial RAM disk)
filesystem works: a compressed image of a filesystem is stored
(together with the compressed kernel) in FLASH; when booting, it is
uncompressed into RAM, and the kernel mounts it as ordinary RAM disk.
>>Taking Linux from a destribution like Red Hat for instance, it's configured
>>to look for an IDE or SCSI boot device (file system). How do I take that
Not necessarily. Look for the options CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM and
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD when configuring the kernel.
>>and make it boot from flash memory. After linux is booted I'm assuming I
>>can use some of my available RAM and create a ramdisk (the same way I would
>>on a desktop PC running linux) and use that as my file system for temporary
>>storage.
Yes, that's how it works.
>>I've seen exisiting solutions for what I'm looking for already, but I would
>>like to design my own.
Nevertheless it would be beneficial to look for instance in the
MBX860 (PowerPC) files - this could save you some work.
>>Any help would be apprechiated.
Feel free to ask...
Wolfgang
--
Software Engineering: Embedded and Realtime Systems, Embedded Linux
Phone: (+49)-8142-4596-87 Fax: -88 Home: -86 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
panic: kernel trap (ignored)
------------------------------
From: "Paul Heldens" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
alt.comp.linux.isp,comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.development.apps,linux.redhat.misc,nl.comp.os.linux.discussie
Subject: Re: Game Server...
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1999 19:03:55 +0200
Ok koop een vette bak en pleur er van iedere Quake versie 1 1on1 server en 1
FFA op...klaar is je gameserver.
--
- Killing in the name off ; clan "DRoME" (Q2) , clan "Dark Matter" (Q3a) -
- Visit www.clanbase.com , The Cradle of the Dutch QII scene. -
BigStuff wrote in message <7kd748$itc$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
>Hi,
>
>I'm asked to develop a game server for a Linux Internet Server. Does anyone
>have any suggestions on how to start with such an assignment? The client
>wants to create a sort of 'Casino on the Net' here in the Netherlands.
>BlackJack and Roulette are the first games to create. The Internet Server
is
>a RedHat 5.1 Server with Apache and PHP running. Are there such servers
>(java?) for sale or in source to get somewhere?. The client software could
>be developed in Delphi because the first pc-platform would be Windows 9x
but
>could also be Java?!
>
>Please any help would be appreciated!
>
>Thanks,
>Ron.
>
>
------------------------------
From: mlw <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.development.apps
Subject: Re: Making dynamic libraries
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1999 04:36:21 +0000
mongoose wrote:
>
> Ok I know how to make a static library that I can compile my programs
> with but how do I make a dynamic library? Is there a webpage or could
> anyone give me some info on how to do it? Also when compiling in a
> library as dynamic or static does it make any performance differences as
> to the speed of the program?
I have big issues with how Linux does shared libraries. Phylosophically,
they are implemented in a way that is environmentally specific, even
though versions are the same, the environment on which they were built
is incorporated into the shared object.
As the .so files are built today, it is difficult to develop and
distribute shared object across multiple systems.
>
> "Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority,
> it's time to pause and reflect." -Mark Twain
The story of my life. Twain is a personal hero of mine.
--
Mohawk Software
Windows 95, Windows NT, UNIX, Linux. Applications, drivers, support.
Visit http://www.mohawksoft.com
------------------------------
From: "Diggy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Install Mandrake 6.0 on laptop (compaq armada 6500)
Date: 22 Jun 1999 03:45:19 GMT
Now, I install Mandrake 6.0 on Laptop (Compaq Armada 6500). But I can't
set XWindows because I can't set video driver. If you know, how to set
video driver and monitor please help me.
thanz.
Diggy
------------------------------
From: Eric George <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.misc
Subject: Re: Run in background
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1999 22:31:08 -0500
vineet wrote:
>
> How do I make my C program to run in background after getting initialised.
> I mean that the program should detach from the terminal and should run in
> background like a daemon.
>
> Thanks
>
> Vineet
Try following you executable with an '&'
It will give you the pid and then the command prompt again and you
application will be left running in the background. Do a man on nohup
as well for more options. nohup will let you log out with your app
still running.
Eric
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Peter Samuelson)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps
Subject: Re: PCNFS
Date: 21 Jun 1999 23:46:36 -0500
Reply-To: Peter Samuelson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
[Merryweather Management Systems Ltd. <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]
> I have a client who is using WRQ's Reflection Suite for X to mount
> Linux disks on his NT workstation.
I have never even heard of Reflection Suite ... I take it it's a PC-NFS
client for NT...?
The usual way to get cross-platform connectivity these days is using
Samba, the LAN-Manager-compatible server for Unix. Samba is free and
provides most of the functionality of the "Server" service in NT
Workstation, and a growing subset of the PDC services of NT Server
(though as of v2.0.0 only the part that services Win95/Win98 clients,
not NT clients, is considered good enough for production use).
I deployed Samba on our AIX server a couple years back and the only
real problems I've had were with early 1.9.18 patches where the
then-new oplocks implementation could freeze the server every now and
then. (And that's ancient history now.) In short, Samba has (mostly)
worked great on AIX and I guess it's even better supported on Linux.
All the major Linux distros (including Slackware) have it.
> And finally, regarding the pcnfsd daemon running on Linux. Will it be
> the latest available or is there an ftp site where I can get the
> latest version from?
Hmmm, doesn't your distribution tell you? Mine always does.
wire(1):~ $cat /usr/doc/pcnfsd/copyright
This package was split from netstd by Herbert Xu [EMAIL PROTECTED] on
Fri, 25 Sep 1998 12:43:23 +1000.
netstd was created by Peter Tobias [EMAIL PROTECTED] on
Wed, 20 Jul 1994 17:23:21 +0200.
It was downloaded from
ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/attic/Other/pcnfsd/.
Copyright:
Copyright (c) 1986-1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
[...]
Oh, and the pcnfsd referenced above (from Debian potato, the current
unstable tree) is labeled as version 2.0.
--
Peter Samuelson
<sampo.creighton.edu!psamuels>
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Peter Samuelson)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: How to compile SMP driver( just -D__SMP__?) into RedHat 6.0 kernel?
Date: 22 Jun 1999 00:26:13 -0500
Reply-To: Peter Samuelson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
[robert_c <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>]
> Could someone tell me about the following: How to compile SMP driver
> ( just -D__SMP__ or need more options or __SMP__ can be igored?) into
> RedHat 6.0 kernel?
Assuming by "RedHat 6.0 kernel" you mean "Linux 2.2.x kernel", it
depends on what you really want -- you weren't quite specific enough.
If you mean how to compile a third-party module (like Don Becker's
updated Ethernet drivers), make sure to use -D__SMP__ -D__KERNEL__
-DMODULE and maybe -DMODVERSIONS, depending. Also if you are using
egcs 1.1 or newer, make sure to add -fno-strict-aliasing to the cflags.
(The current kernel has illegal constructs that work great ... until
you do aggressive type alias analysis, as the late-model gcc's can.)
If you want to compile something that comes *with* the kernel source,
just use `make config' (or `make menuconfig' or whatever) to select the
feature you want, and whether to compile as a module or no. Then use
the standard kernel make instructions: `make dep', `make bzImage' and
`make modules'. Installation of kernel and modules is left as an
exercise (in reading README files) to the reader.
(Note: I believe a kernel is the *only* Linux software which actually
requires a reboot to upgrade. Is it true that Solaris 7 even gets
around *that*, or am I misremembering an article somewhere?)
--
Peter Samuelson
<sampo.creighton.edu!psamuels>
------------------------------
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