Linux-Development-Sys Digest #41, Volume #8 Mon, 24 Jul 00 01:13:17 EDT
Contents:
Re: HTML mail? (Tim Moore)
Re: Some questions about modules ("Ross Crawford")
Re: HTML mail? (Neal Tucker)
Re: HTML mail? (Neal Tucker)
Re: A good IDE (Donovan Rebbechi)
Re: A good IDE (cLIeNUX user)
Re: Some questions about modules ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: How can we make Libc less big ? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: What does this error mean? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: access to floppy ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Floppy drive - Can't mount ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: HTML mail? (Pete Zaitcev)
Re: PCI interrupt acknowledge/clear?? (Pete Zaitcev)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Tim Moore <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: HTML mail?
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2000 23:21:58 GMT
> I'd like to send HTML mail, however, with a command like this:
> ...
Why send thousands of bytes of html when you can send a few bytes of a URL?
One of the more obscure html functions is to provide a central, dynamic data
store and thus avoiding replication.
Engineers in particular hate it and routinely filter it unseen.
--
timothymoore
bigfoot
com
------------------------------
From: "Ross Crawford" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Some questions about modules
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 08:49:28 +1000
Wesley,
1. All the actual module code goes in /lib/modules/2.x.x/*/*.o. This is all
you need to keep after compiling the kernel source.
2. /usr/src/linux/modules is where the module code is compiled - make
modules_install copies the modules to /lib/modules/2.x.x. You can safely
delete /usr/src/linux/modules (after you've made sure the new kernel boots
OK!!)
3. In /etc/conf.modules, you can specify "alias [modulename] off" to avoid
loading it. You can specifically load any module using "modprobe
[modulename]" in an rc script (or any other script you may be running at
boot time).
4. You should backup module files. I always do a complete backup of my /
filesystem after successfully installing a new kernel. Note that if you want
the ability to bott previous kernels (via LILO or whatever), you'll also
need to keep the /lib/modules/2.x.x tree for that kernel, or it won't be
able to find it's modules.
HTH
ROSCO
Wesley Wong <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> 1.) I don't understand where the files go for modules. Do they give me a
> .o for each modules I needed? Is it all in /lib/modules/2.2.xx? If not,
> where is all the .o file?
>
> 2.) what's the different between the /lib/modules and
> /usr/src/linux/modules ?? They both seems to have a lot of .o modules in
> it... while /usr/src/linux/modules seems to have more
> than /lib/modules. Which one is safe to delete?
>
> 3.) How do I set it so that it will/will not load a
> certain module at boot time?
>
> 4.) How come the tutorials for updating kernel did not mention anything
> about backuping the modules files? Do we need to? If we need to, how?
>
> --
> Posted via CNET Help.com
> http://www.help.com/
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Neal Tucker)
Subject: Re: HTML mail?
Date: 23 Jul 2000 17:50:00 -0700
Larry Ebbitt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>"Marc A. Lepage" wrote:
>> So how do I send HTML email using mail on the command line? Is there a
>> way to specify that the content of the message is HTML instead of text?
>> How do I go about this?
>
>HTML is for the web. Mail should be plain, monospaced text, no wider than
>76 characters or so. I filter HTML mail, which is almost always spam,
>directly to the bit bucket.
Jesus, the haughtiness of this group is nearing unbearable. Why is it
that when someone asks a technical question (appropriateness to this
particular group aside), they invariably get a bunch of rude philosophical
answers which don't answer the technical parts of the question.
If I ask you "how do I delete every file and directory in /", is the answer
"you shouldn't do that"? No.
How do I perform a clean shutdown from a module?
How do I write to a file from kernel space?
How do I change my MAC address?
These questions and many more have all been answered with an arrogance
which shows that the answerer doesn't even consider that there might be
a real reason (i.e. debugging) to do any of these.
What, are you afraid that if you tell someone how to do something they
"shouldn't" do, that they'll make a modification which ultimately gets
past Linus and into your precious kernel? Give me a break.
If you're genuinely trying to be helpful, try not to be rude about it.
-Neal Tucker
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Neal Tucker)
Subject: Re: HTML mail?
Date: 23 Jul 2000 18:21:12 -0700
Frank Sweetser <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>The answer is very simple - the mail app sends what it gets. Give it
>plain text, it sends text. If you want to send html, send it html.
>
>echo "<html> (etc, etc) </html>" | mail ...
In the original question, he said that he already has the capability
to do this, but it's not what he wants. He wants to be able to set
the Content-type header to text/html.
Original Poster: One way to achieve what you want is to generate the
whole message, including headers, and pipe it to "sendmail -t". You'll
probably want to read up on the various sendmail command line parameters
first (I see that a script here uses "sendmail -oi -t", but I can't
recall why), and you might also want to pipe it through formail first
(in particular, using "-a Message-ID:" to generate one for you).
With a little testing and tweaking, you could use:
commandtogeneratereport | formail -i "To: $MYDESTINATION" \
-a Message-ID: -a "From: $USER" -I "Content-type: text/html" \
| sendmail -t
Hope that helps.
-Neal Tucker
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Donovan Rebbechi)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: A good IDE
Date: 24 Jul 2000 02:35:02 GMT
On Sat, 22 Jul 2000 15:59:20 GMT, fred smith wrote:
[ snip ]
It's worth mentioning that several so-called "UNIX IDEs" including
Kdevelop offload the backend work to several small tools. KDevelop
is basically a big fancy editor. Unlike the Windows IDEs, it's not
a compiler , it's not a make replacement, etc. It seems to work within
the existing set of tools, rather than just stomp all over everything.
Cheers,
--
Donovan
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (cLIeNUX user)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: A good IDE
Date: 24 Jul 2000 03:40:21 GMT
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>In comp.os.linux.development.apps Larry Ebbitt <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>:>
>:> what is the best IDE for Linux ?
>:>
>
>: It is very much a matter of personal taste. If you like a GUI, Kdevelop is
>: quite good and getting better rapidly. If you like the green-screen stuff,
>: emacs is powerful and many people use vi.
>
>Allow me to play "devil's advocate" for a moment:
>the Linux shell environment is patterned (very closely) after the
>Unix shell environment.
>
>Unix (and its shell environment) **IS an IDE!**
>
>It was intended by its developers as a convenient and friendly
>environment for developers and other users to work.
>
>That's why it provides useful tools like editors, compilers, linkers,
>debuggers.
>
>Unix was intended to be an example of the "small is beautiful" school
>of thought, where many small tools could be interconnected in various
>ways to accomplish large goals. The very idea of a large "Integrated
>anything" is anti-unix!
>
>Having said that, i realize that a lot of people are accustomed to (having
>grown up with or at least been spoiled by) the massive environments
>provided by MS or Borland or others which contain everything INCLUDING
>the kitchen sink, and don't (want to) know how to do it any other way,
>or just find it easier to use.
>
>personally, I find things like VC++'s IDE to be so massive that I can't
>find what I want... too many windows, toolbars, drop-downs, pushbuttons,
>whatever cluttering up the screen so that the text window I'm trying
>to see gets about 1/4 of the screen and stuff I'm NOT looking at is
>wasting all the remaining real-estate.
>
>I personally tend to use 3 (or so) virtual consoles with an editor in
>one, compilation in one, debugger in one, and just flip back and forth.
>Or I sometimes open up 3 shell windows in X and do the same thing there.
>Lots of people recommend using DDD for a debugger,... I'm sure its good
>though I haven't yet tried it. I have used xxgdb and find it to be a
>decent wrapper around gdb, which is helpful compared to command-mode-only
>access to gdb.
>
>YMMV!
>
Didn't the term IDE in this context come from somewhere other than unix?
The "IDE" feature I use the most is "+", which is supported by Pico and
the "most" pager. When gcc says
gcc:238:You_lose.c: HAHAHAHHAHAHAHAA You call that C?? HAHAHHA
I then do
pico +238 You_lose.c
and I'm Integrated and Developing in my Environment.
If "best" means "get the most work done", you just need to learn to use
what you've already got.
Another tip, , compile something like this....
gcc -c -g -Wa,-anhl -save-temps -nostdlib \
-o db.$1.o $1.c > aslist
aslist is then the C source interlaced with a disassembly. Schweeet.
Rick Hohensee
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>Fred
>
>--
>---- Fred Smith -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ----------------------------
> "For him who is able to keep you from falling and to present you before his
> glorious presence without fault and with great joy--to the only God our Savior
> be glory, majesty, power and authority, through Jesus Christ our Lord, before
> all ages, now and forevermore! Amen."
>----------------------------- Jude 1:24,25 (niv) -----------------------------
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Some questions about modules
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 03:35:14 GMT
Even though the person asking the original question seems new to this,
I will not rule out that this person is very knowledgeable about systems
in general, and is seeking specifics, either technical or philosophical,
about Linux.
On Mon, 24 Jul 2000 08:49:28 +1000 Ross Crawford <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| Wesley,
|
| 1. All the actual module code goes in /lib/modules/2.x.x/*/*.o. This is all
| you need to keep after compiling the kernel source.
|
| 2. /usr/src/linux/modules is where the module code is compiled - make
| modules_install copies the modules to /lib/modules/2.x.x. You can safely
| delete /usr/src/linux/modules (after you've made sure the new kernel boots
| OK!!)
These are standard places most setups use. However, if you're doing your
own setup, you can put modules anywhere you want, subject to them being
available when you need them. For example, if your root filesystem is on
an IDE drive, but /usr is on a SCSI drive, and you made a module for your
SCSI adaptor, you'll need to have that module in the root filesystem. But
then another module, such as a sound card module, could be in /usr.
Since modules are not all that large, it's generally considered practical
to put them all in one place in the root filesystem. That's what the
standard is doing.
| 3. In /etc/conf.modules, you can specify "alias [modulename] off" to avoid
| loading it. You can specifically load any module using "modprobe
| [modulename]" in an rc script (or any other script you may be running at
| boot time).
This depends on the system. Mine doesn't have this.
| 4. You should backup module files. I always do a complete backup of my /
| filesystem after successfully installing a new kernel. Note that if you want
| the ability to bott previous kernels (via LILO or whatever), you'll also
| need to keep the /lib/modules/2.x.x tree for that kernel, or it won't be
| able to find it's modules.
Just be sure you can restore from that backup. Saving all the modules on a
tape drive that requires a module to get to is not a good plan. One thing
to do at next system install is to make the backup, then trash the system
intentionally and try out the restore/recovery plan.
In general the approach I take is that systems themselves are not what I
make backups of, since I can make new ones with an install. What I backup
is a copy of the configuration, user accounts, data, and whatever else is
different than the base system I install. All the config stuff is staged
in /home/root/etc and backed up from there. If I need to restore, I do a
new install from scratch, restore all the files into respective areas such
as /home or /web as appropriate, then manually piece the config back to
what it should be (usually copying a few files).
--
| Phil Howard - KA9WGN | My current websites: linuxhomepage.com, ham.org
| phil (at) ipal.net +----------------------------------------------------
| Dallas - Texas - USA | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: How can we make Libc less big ?
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 03:48:26 GMT
On Sat, 22 Jul 2000 22:11:16 GMT [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
| is there a way to make LibC less big
|
| or
|
| is there a way to compile staticaly and the size of the program is not
| too big ?
|
|
| for example i compile a simple "Hello World" program statically and the
| result was a file 980K big .
This is one of the reasons dynamic shared libraries are used.
Most of the code in libc is littered with calls to other parts of libc
to be able to do all it needs to do, and handle a wide range of error
possibilities, too. That means a substantial part of libc just needs
to be there ready just in case. For example printf() has to be ready
for every possible format. That means it has to have calls to every
possible function that might be needed to produce those formats, and
handle every possible error in those formats and the calculations that
would be involved. A statically linked program that calls printf()
gets all of that linked in.
There are stripped down version of libc around (sorry, no URLs handy)
if you really have to do static linking and need a small program.
These would have fewer support routines, less verbose error messages,
and possibly incomplete standard C library support (which might well
be just fine for what you need in special cases, such as a program to
run and fit with an OS on a floppy).
I wrote my own init program last year. This was an issue for me in
that program. I ended up not using libc at all. A few critical
programs, such as ld.so, have to do it this way for reasons that would
be obvious if you knew what ld.so does (if you don't, go read up on it
and learn something fun today).
A fun challenge might be to make a hello world program w/o libc at all.
--
| Phil Howard - KA9WGN | My current websites: linuxhomepage.com, ham.org
| phil (at) ipal.net +----------------------------------------------------
| Dallas - Texas - USA | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: What does this error mean?
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 04:02:31 GMT
On Sun, 23 Jul 2000 18:09:01 -0500 ed doyle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| What does this link error mean and how do I fix it?
|
| /usr/bin/ld: cannot open crt1.o: No such file or directory
| collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
|
| I tried find / -name " crt1.o" -print and it found nothing. I installed
| gcc from a CD which I would think would have all librariy files.
It should be "/usr/lib/crt1.o". If it's not there, you're kinda hosed
and may be an indicate of a more widespread problem. or maybe it was
not installed?
| Thanks for any help on fixing?
Depends on how much else is broken. Simple case restoring that one file
or (re-)installing the package it comes in (probably glibc-devel). Worst
case is re-installing the whole system.
--
| Phil Howard - KA9WGN | My current websites: linuxhomepage.com, ham.org
| phil (at) ipal.net +----------------------------------------------------
| Dallas - Texas - USA | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: access to floppy
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 04:05:54 GMT
On Mon, 24 Jul 2000 13:30:26 +0800 Olabrems <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
| i need really a BIG help here. i just installed redhat6.2. i have
| problem with graphic display of which my graphics card is intel i810
| chipset. and when i boot linux, i can't startx. so now i need help on how to
| access my floppy and how to copy files in floppy to my root directory. Pls
| help. TQ.
Two ways to access files in floppy:
1. If floppy is in MS-DOS format, mtools can help. Do "man mcopy" to
get started with that.
2. Mount floppy as a filesystem, such as:
mount -r /dev/fd0 /mnt
then use usual shell commands to look around in there. The -r is to
mount read-only for safety. be sure to unmount with:
umount /mnt
before removing floppy from drive.
--
| Phil Howard - KA9WGN | My current websites: linuxhomepage.com, ham.org
| phil (at) ipal.net +----------------------------------------------------
| Dallas - Texas - USA | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Floppy drive - Can't mount
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 04:10:45 GMT
On Sat, 22 Jul 2000 20:30:16 GMT [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
| kernal is 2.2.14
|
| I am trying to mount my floppy drive with the following:
|
| mount /dev/fd0 -t msdos /mnt/floppy
|
| and it returns with the following error:
|
| mount: fs type msdos not supported by kernal
|
| I also tried some of the other types and got the same message.
|
| What's wrong? Is it something I missed in the compiling process.
That seems to be the most likely cause. From what I have been seeing
from others' experiences, re-compiling a kernel from source under some
distributions does not inherit the kernel configuration as default
from what the distribution used. So you'd have to know to say YES to
some things that may be default to NO in the kernel source, but need
to be YES to get you running (and the distributon built their binary
kernel with YES).
IMHO, anyone administering a Linux machine needs to consider kernel
compiling skills as much as editor skills. Same for BSD world.
--
| Phil Howard - KA9WGN | My current websites: linuxhomepage.com, ham.org
| phil (at) ipal.net +----------------------------------------------------
| Dallas - Texas - USA | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Pete Zaitcev)
Subject: Re: HTML mail?
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 04:57:30 GMT
>[...]
> The best tool for the job. In this case, HTML is more appropriate than
> text.
Marc, try to use sendmail directly. Normally it reads
rfc822 headers from the standard input.
HOWEVER, it is a great pity when a competent developer spends
his time on crap, such as HTML mail.
--Pete
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Pete Zaitcev)
Subject: Re: PCI interrupt acknowledge/clear??
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2000 05:03:31 GMT
> I'm attempting to get PCI to work under Linux on a PDA type device. I can
> scan the bus successfully and everything is identified in /proc/pci. I can
> even get PCI interrupts. Unfortunately, I keep getting them! I don't know how
> to acknowledge/clear them! On this particular machine, the PCI interrupts are
> ANDed together and attached to a general purpose I/O, Interrupt line. It's
> setup to trigger on a low, level signal. Once the interrupt goes low, it
> sticks there. I haven't found anyway to get it back high short of power
> cycling the machine.
This problem is not related to Linux at all. You just need to
program an interrupt source so that it stops asserting an interrupt.
Also, interrupts are ORed, not ANDed.
There are pitfals, for instance if you use a PC serial port in such
arrangement, OUT2 MUST be 1 at all times when interrupts are enabled.
E.g. a tristated output counts as an interrupt. Etc. Caveat emptor.
--Pete
------------------------------
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End of Linux-Development-System Digest
******************************
