https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218471

            Bug ID: 218471
           Summary: F2FS fails to mount rw at boot with "invalid zstd
                    compress level: 6"
           Product: File System
           Version: 2.5
          Hardware: All
                OS: Linux
            Status: NEW
          Severity: high
          Priority: P3
         Component: f2fs
          Assignee: [email protected]
          Reporter: [email protected]
        Regression: No

Using Debian 12.5 "Bookworm" and updated to most-recent stable release kernel
"linux-image-6.1.0-18-amd64" which changelog says:
  linux-signed-amd64 (6.1.76+1) bookworm; urgency=medium
  * Sign kernel from linux 6.1.76-1

When it boots the f2fs filesystem fails to mount read-write and the boot
journal shows:
  kernel: F2FS-fs (nvme0n1p6): invalid zstd compress level: 6

This is the fstab entry for the corresponding partition:
  UUID=XXXXXXXXXXX   /   f2fs   
compress_algorithm=zstd:6,compress_chksum,atgc,gc_merge,lazytime   0       1

Under the previous kernel the partition correctly mounts and the 'mount'
command shows:
  /dev/nvme0n1p6 on / type f2fs
(rw,relatime,lazytime,background_gc=on,gc_merge,discard,no_heap,user_xattr,inline_xattr,acl,inline_data,inline_dentry,flush_merge,extent_cache,mode=adaptive,active_logs=6,alloc_mode=default,checkpoint_merge,fsync_mode=posix,compress_algorithm=zstd:6,compress_log_size=2,compress_chksum,compress_mode=fs,atgc,discard_unit=block,memory=normal)

I was able to remount the filesystem read-write with:
  sudo mount -o
remount,rw,relatime,lazytime,background_gc=on,discard,no_heap,user_xattr,inline_xattr,acl,inline_data,inline_dentry,extent_cache,mode=adaptive,active_logs=6,alloc_mode=default,checkpoint_merge,fsync_mode=posix,compress_algorithm=lz4,compress_log_size=2,compress_mode=fs,atgc,discard_unit=block,memory=normal
/dev/nvme0n1p6 /

and from there was able to update /etc/default/grub to boot the previous
kernel:
  GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux>Debian GNU/Linux, with
Linux 6.1.0-17-amd64"

I believe this bug may have been introduced with this patch: 
  https://www.spinics.net/lists/stable-commits/msg329957.html

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