On Mon, May 18, 2026 at 06:12:52PM +0800, Chao Yu wrote:
> Without commit 520760b9f915 ("f2fs: optimize representative type determination
> in GC"), f2fs GC will report inconsistent segment type in large section issue,
> and then it will force to shutdown filesystem.
>
> [ 768.190903] F2FS-fs (loop51): Inconsistent segment (3) type [1, 0] in SIT
> and SSA
>
> The reason is f2fs kernel will assume all segment type inside large section is
> the same, during GC it loads type from one segment and compare it to other
> segments' type, however due to recovery flow, the chosen segment may has zero
> valid blocks w/ different segment type, since the segment is invalid(free)
> one,
> it will never be migrated, so that we should not treat such state as abnormal
> condition.
>
> This testcase is created to simulate above condition to see whether f2fs
> kernel
> module can handle it correctly
>
> Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <[email protected]>
> ---
> tests/f2fs/025 | 88 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> tests/f2fs/025.out | 2 ++
> 2 files changed, 90 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 tests/f2fs/025
> create mode 100644 tests/f2fs/025.out
>
> diff --git a/tests/f2fs/025 b/tests/f2fs/025
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000..1eba7158
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tests/f2fs/025
> @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
> +#! /bin/bash
> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +# Copyright (c) 2026 Chao Yu <[email protected]>
> +#
> +# FS QA Test No. f2fs/025
> +#
> +# Check whether f2fs will encounter cp_error (Inconsistent segment type)
> +# when doing sanity check on type of segments inside large section during
> +# garbage collection.
> +#
> +. ./common/preamble
> +_begin_fstest auto quick
> +
> +_fixed_by_kernel_commit 520760b9f915 \
> + "f2fs: optimize representative type determination in GC"
> +
> +. ./common/filter
> +
> +_cleanup()
> +{
> + cd /
> + rm -r -f $tmp.*
> +}
> +
> +_require_scratch
> +_require_xfs_io_command "pwrite"
> +_require_xfs_io_command "truncate"
> +_require_command "$F2FS_IO_PROG" f2fs_io
> +_require_check_dmesg
> +
> +# Format with 96MB size and 2 segments per section
> +_scratch_mkfs_sized $((96 * 1024 * 1024)) "" "-s 2" >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +
> +# Mount with mode=lfs
> +_scratch_mount -o mode=lfs >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +
> +# Create files to fill whole filesystem, then segment type will be changed
> to node type
> +for ((i=0;i<5120;i++)) do
> + touch $SCRATCH_MNT/$i >> $seqres.full 2>&1
5120 * 4k = 20MB
> +done
> +sync
> +
> +# Remove all files to create free(empty) node segments
> +rm -f $SCRATCH_MNT/*
> +sync
> +
> +# Allocate free space so that we have chance to reuse free(empty) node
> segments
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -f -c "pwrite -b 4k 0 1928k" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full
> 2>&1
> +sync
> +
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -c "truncate 0" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -d -c "pwrite -b 4k 0 16M" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full
> 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -c "truncate 0" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -d -c "pwrite -b 4k 0 16M" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full
> 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -c "truncate 0" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +sync
> +
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -d -c "pwrite -b 4k 0 8M" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -c "truncate 0" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -d -c "pwrite -b 4k 0 32K" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full
> 2>&1
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -c "truncate 0" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >> $seqres.full 2>&1
1928k + 16M + 16M + 8M + 32K ~= 40M
> +$XFS_IO_PROG -d -c "pwrite -b 4k 0 2M" -c "fsync" $SCRATCH_MNT/file >>
> $seqres.full 2>&1
96M - 40M - 20M = 36M
I'm not a f2fs expert, I think you hope to (almost) fill the fs before this 2M
pwrite step. If so, I'm wondering can we ensure that other metadata takes ~36 MB
of space, thereby guaranteeing that this 2 MB write triggers the reuse of that
1928 KB segment (no matter with any MKFS_OPTIONS)?
Thanks,
Zorro
> +
> +# Shutdown the filesystem without checkpoint
> +$F2FS_IO_PROG shutdown 2 $SCRATCH_MNT >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +
> +_scratch_unmount >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +
> +_scratch_mount -o mode=lfs >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +
> +# Run urgent_gc mode to trigger garbage collection
> +dev_name=$(_short_dev $SCRATCH_DEV)
> +if [ -f /sys/fs/f2fs/$dev_name/gc_urgent ]; then
> + echo 1 > /sys/fs/f2fs/$dev_name/gc_urgent
> +fi
> +
> +# Wait background GC thread to wake up to run and potentially encounter the
> inconsistency
> +sleep 5
> +
> +_scratch_unmount >> $seqres.full 2>&1
> +
> +# Check whether the dmesg has the warning indicating the bug
> +_check_dmesg_for "F2FS-fs \($dev_name\): Inconsistent segment" && \
> + _fail "F2FS-fs ($dev_name): Inconsistent segment type detected in
> dmesg!"
> +
> +echo "Silence is golden"
> +status=0
> +exit
> diff --git a/tests/f2fs/025.out b/tests/f2fs/025.out
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000..3d70951e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tests/f2fs/025.out
> @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
> +QA output created by 025
> +Silence is golden
> --
> 2.49.0
>
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