On Fri, 26 Sep 2025 14:55:56 +0800
Guan-Chun Wu <[email protected]> wrote:

> From: Kuan-Wei Chiu <[email protected]>
> 
> Replace the use of strchr() in base64_decode() with precomputed reverse
> lookup tables for each variant. This avoids repeated string scans and
> improves performance. Use -1 in the tables to mark invalid characters.
> 
> Decode:
>   64B   ~1530ns  ->  ~75ns    (~20.4x)
>   1KB  ~27726ns  -> ~1165ns   (~23.8x)
> 
> Signed-off-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <[email protected]>
> Co-developed-by: Guan-Chun Wu <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Guan-Chun Wu <[email protected]>
> ---
>  lib/base64.c | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
>  1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/lib/base64.c b/lib/base64.c
> index 1af557785..b20fdf168 100644
> --- a/lib/base64.c
> +++ b/lib/base64.c
> @@ -21,6 +21,63 @@ static const char base64_tables[][65] = {
>       [BASE64_IMAP] = 
> "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+,",
>  };
>  
> +static const s8 base64_rev_tables[][256] = {
> +     [BASE64_STD] = {
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  62,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  63,
> +      52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,   0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,  10,  11,  12,  
> 13,  14,
> +      15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  
> 39,  40,
> +      41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +     },

Using:
        [BASE64_STD] = {
        [0 ... 255] = -1,
        ['A'] =  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12,
                13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
        ['a'] = 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
                39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 48, 50, 51,
        ['0'] = 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
        ['+'] = 62,
        ['/'] = 63};
would be more readable.
(Assuming no one has turned on a warning that stops you defaulting the entries 
to -1.)

The is also definitely scope for a #define to common things up.
Even if it has to have the values for all the 5 special characters (-1 if not 
used)
rather than the characters for 62 and 63.

        David

> +     [BASE64_URLSAFE] = {
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  62,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,   0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,  10,  11,  12,  
> 13,  14,
> +      15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  63,
> +      -1,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  
> 39,  40,
> +      41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +     },
> +     [BASE64_IMAP] = {
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  62,  63,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,   0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,  10,  11,  12,  
> 13,  14,
> +      15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  
> 39,  40,
> +      41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +      -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  
> -1,  -1,
> +     },
> +};
> +
>  /**
>   * base64_encode() - Base64-encode some binary data
>   * @src: the binary data to encode
> @@ -82,11 +139,9 @@ int base64_decode(const char *src, int srclen, u8 *dst, 
> bool padding, enum base6
>       int bits = 0;
>       int i;
>       u8 *bp = dst;
> -     const char *base64_table = base64_tables[variant];
> +     s8 ch;
>  
>       for (i = 0; i < srclen; i++) {
> -             const char *p = strchr(base64_table, src[i]);
> -
>               if (src[i] == '=') {
>                       ac = (ac << 6);
>                       bits += 6;
> @@ -94,9 +149,10 @@ int base64_decode(const char *src, int srclen, u8 *dst, 
> bool padding, enum base6
>                               bits -= 8;
>                       continue;
>               }
> -             if (p == NULL || src[i] == 0)
> +             ch = base64_rev_tables[variant][(u8)src[i]];
> +             if (ch == -1)
>                       return -1;
> -             ac = (ac << 6) | (p - base64_table);
> +             ac = (ac << 6) | ch;
>               bits += 6;
>               if (bits >= 8) {
>                       bits -= 8;


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