On 04/15/2016 11:13 AM, Mel Gorman wrote:
        /*
-        * If a zone reaches its high watermark, consider it to be no longer
-        * congested. It's possible there are dirty pages backed by congested
-        * BDIs but as pressure is relieved, speculatively avoid congestion
-        * waits.
+        * Fragmentation may mean that the system cannot be rebalanced for
+        * high-order allocations. If twice the allocation size has been
+        * reclaimed then recheck watermarks only at order-0 to prevent
+        * excessive reclaim. Assume that a process requested a high-order
+        * can direct reclaim/compact.

Also kcompactd is woken up in this case...

         */
-       if (pgdat_reclaimable(zone->zone_pgdat) &&
-           zone_balanced(zone, sc->order, false, 0, classzone_idx)) {
-               clear_bit(PGDAT_CONGESTED, &pgdat->flags);
-               clear_bit(PGDAT_DIRTY, &pgdat->flags);
-       }
+       if (sc->order && sc->nr_reclaimed >= 2UL << sc->order)
+               sc->order = 0;

        return sc->nr_scanned >= sc->nr_to_reclaim;

This looks indeed simpler than my earlier zone_balanced() modification you removed. However I think there's still potential of overreclaim due to a stream of kswapd_wakeups where each will have to reclaim 2UL << sc->order pages, regardless of watermarks. Could be some high-order wakeups from GFP_ATOMIC context that have order-0 fallbacks but will cause kswapd to keep reclaiming when kcompactd can't keep up due to fragmentation...

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