On 11 October 2026 20:48:50 BST, Mathieu Desnoyers <[email protected]> wrote: >Introduce a "try acquire" hazard pointer fast path, which performs an >early load of the address to store it into the hazard pointer slot, and >then re-loads that address after a barrier to check whether it has >changed meanwhile. > >On comparison failure, rather than re-try, guarantee forward progress by >falling back to the __hazptr_acquire slow path on failure. > >The acquire slow path attempts a try-acquire for any available per-CPU >slot. If that fails, it chains the backup slot into the overflow list, >therefore guaranteeing forward progress for both hazard pointer >read-side and synchronize: > >- Readers set the wildcard, and then proceed to set the more > specific address to replace the wildcard. > >- One synchronize alternates between two overflow list periods, > scanning each one while readers are added to the other period, > thus preventing a steady flow of readers from preventing > synchronize forward progress. > >With this change, the scan on per-CPU slots don't need to expect a >wildcard anymore, because none can be produced by readers. Wildcards are >only expected within overflow lists. > >Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <[email protected]> >Suggested-by: Gary Guo <[email protected]> >Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkmm/[email protected]/ >Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <[email protected]>
Hi, my R-B still stands from https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/ Reviewed-by: Bradley Morgan <[email protected]> >Cc: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]> >Cc: Boqun Feng <[email protected]> >Cc: Bradley Morgan <[email protected]> >Cc: Gary Guo <[email protected]> >Cc: <[email protected]> >Cc: <[email protected]> >Cc: Lian Wang <[email protected]> >Cc: Kunwu Chan <[email protected]> >--- >Changes since v2: >- Adapt include to rename from ptreq.h to ptr_eq.h. >--- > include/linux/hazptr.h | 48 +++++++++++-------- > kernel/hazptr.c | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- > 2 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-) > >diff --git a/include/linux/hazptr.h b/include/linux/hazptr.h >index d1670121947a..90d8d5a3d244 100644 >--- a/include/linux/hazptr.h >+++ b/include/linux/hazptr.h >@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@ > #include <linux/types.h> > #include <linux/cleanup.h> > #include <linux/sched.h> >+#include <linux/ptr_eq.h> > > /* 4 slots (each sizeof(hazptr_slot_item)) fit in a single 64-byte cache > line. */ > #define NR_HAZPTR_PERCPU_SLOTS 4 > >-/* The current hazard pointer wildcard. */ >-extern void *hazptr_wildcard; >- > /* > * Hazard pointer slot. > */ >@@ -190,6 +188,31 @@ void hazptr_note_context_switch(void) > } > } > >+/* Try hazard pointer protection. */ >+static inline >+void *__hazptr_try_acquire(struct hazptr_ctx *ctx, void * const *addr_p, >struct hazptr_slot *slot) >+{ >+ void *early_addr, *addr; >+ >+ if (unlikely(slot->addr)) >+ return NULL; >+ early_addr = READ_ONCE(*addr_p); /* Early load. */ >+ WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, early_addr); /* Store B */ >+ /* Memory ordering: Store B before Load A. */ >+ smp_mb(); >+ addr = READ_ONCE(*addr_p); /* Load A */ >+ /* >+ * Validate that address did not change between Early load and Load A. >+ * Use ptr_eq() to make sure that result from Load A is returned to the >+ * caller to preserve address dependency. >+ */ >+ if (unlikely(!ptr_eq(addr, early_addr))) { >+ WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, NULL); >+ return NULL; >+ } >+ return addr; >+} >+ > /** > * hazptr_acquire - Load pointer at address and protect with hazard pointer. > * >@@ -245,24 +268,9 @@ void *hazptr_acquire(struct hazptr_ctx *ctx, void * const >*addr_p) > ctx->acquire_cpu = smp_processor_id(); > ctx->acquire_caller = _THIS_IP_; > #endif >- if (unlikely(slot->addr)) >+ addr = __hazptr_try_acquire(ctx, addr_p, slot); >+ if (unlikely(!addr)) > return __hazptr_acquire(ctx, addr_p); >- WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, READ_ONCE(hazptr_wildcard)); /* Store B */ >- >- /* Memory ordering: Store B before Load A. */ >- smp_mb(); >- >- /* >- * Load @addr_p after storing wildcard to the hazard pointer slot. >- */ >- addr = READ_ONCE(*addr_p); /* Load A */ >- >- /* >- * We don't care about ordering of Store C. It will simply >- * replace the wildcard by a more specific address. If addr is >- * NULL, we simply store NULL into the slot. >- */ >- WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, addr); /* Store C */ > slot_item->ctx.ctx = ctx; > ctx->slot = slot; > return addr; >diff --git a/kernel/hazptr.c b/kernel/hazptr.c >index 13faa5ba7677..3ca73b56a5c2 100644 >--- a/kernel/hazptr.c >+++ b/kernel/hazptr.c >@@ -13,17 +13,9 @@ > #include <linux/list.h> > #include <linux/export.h> > >-static DEFINE_MUTEX(hazptr_phase_lock); /* Protect the wildcard and >list phase flip. */ >+#define HAZPTR_WILDCARD ((void *) 1UL) > >-/* >- * The current hazard pointer wildcard. Flips between 1UL and 2UL to guarantee >- * hazptr_synchronize forward progress even with a steady stream of readers. >- * This wildcard value is used by acquire to temporarily tag the per-CPU >slots. >- * This also affects the overflow list selection: the current list used by >- * readers is array[(unsigned long) hazptr_wildcard - 1]. >- */ >-void *hazptr_wildcard = (void *) 1UL; >-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hazptr_wildcard); >+static DEFINE_MUTEX(hazptr_phase_lock); /* Protect the list phase flip. >*/ > > /* The current overflow list phase. */ > static unsigned int hazptr_overflow_list_phase; >@@ -41,6 +33,10 @@ struct hazptr_overflow_list { > * successively iterates on both lists. Therefore, only list removals > * can cause the iteration to retry, and the number of removals is > * limited to the number of list elements. >+ * >+ * Due to the overflow list raw spin lock, the hazard pointer readers are >+ * blocking, starvation-free with bounded waiting, assuming bounded critical >+ * sections and no NMI or virtualization-induced holder preemption. > */ > struct hazptr_overflow_list_flip { > struct hazptr_overflow_list array[2]; >@@ -51,26 +47,12 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hazptr_overflow_list_flip, >percpu_overflow_list_fli > DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hazptr_percpu_slots, hazptr_percpu_slots); > EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(hazptr_percpu_slots); > >-static >-void *flip_wildcard(void *wildcard) >-{ >- return ((unsigned long) wildcard == 1UL) ? (void *) 2UL : (void *) 1UL; >-} >- > static > unsigned int flip_list_phase(unsigned int phase) > { > return 1 - phase; > } > >-static >-bool is_wildcard(void *addr) >-{ >- if ((unsigned long) addr == 1UL || (unsigned long) addr == 2UL) >- return true; >- return false; >-} >- > static > struct hazptr_slot *hazptr_get_free_percpu_slot(struct hazptr_ctx *ctx) > { >@@ -96,16 +78,36 @@ struct hazptr_slot *hazptr_get_free_percpu_slot(struct >hazptr_ctx *ctx) > */ > void *__hazptr_acquire(struct hazptr_ctx *ctx, void * const *addr_p) > { >- struct hazptr_slot *slot = hazptr_get_free_percpu_slot(ctx); >+ struct hazptr_slot *slot; > void *addr; > > /* >- * If all the per-CPU slots are already in use, fallback >- * to the backup slot. >+ * In case we are called due to nested use of hazard pointers, >+ * try a slot protection with per-CPU slots. > */ >- if (unlikely(!slot)) >- slot = hazptr_chain_backup_slot(ctx); >- WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, READ_ONCE(hazptr_wildcard)); /* Store B */ >+ slot = hazptr_get_free_percpu_slot(ctx); >+ if (likely(slot)) { >+ addr = __hazptr_try_acquire(ctx, addr_p, slot); >+ if (addr) { >+ ctx->slot = slot; >+ return addr; >+ } >+ } >+ >+ /* >+ * The backup slot overflow list guarantees forward progress of both >+ * hazard pointer readers and synchronize: >+ * >+ * - Readers set the wildcard, and then proceed to set the more >+ * specific address to replace the wildcard. >+ * >+ * - One synchronize alternates between two overflow list periods, >+ * scanning each one while readers are added to the other period, >+ * thus preventing a steady flow of readers from preventing >+ * synchronize forward progress. >+ */ >+ slot = hazptr_chain_backup_slot(ctx); >+ WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, HAZPTR_WILDCARD); /* Store B */ > > /* Memory ordering: Store B before Load A. */ > smp_mb(); >@@ -121,20 +123,21 @@ void *__hazptr_acquire(struct hazptr_ctx *ctx, void * >const *addr_p) > * NULL, we simply store NULL into the slot. > */ > WRITE_ONCE(slot->addr, addr); /* Store C */ >+ > ctx->slot = slot; >- if (!addr && hazptr_slot_is_backup(ctx, slot)) >+ if (!addr) > hazptr_unchain_backup_slot(ctx); > return addr; > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__hazptr_acquire); > > /* >- * Perform piecewise iteration on overflow list waiting until "addr" is >- * not present. Raw spinlock is released and taken between each list >- * item and busy loop iteration. The overflow list generation is checked >- * each time the lock is taken to validate that the list has not changed >- * before resuming iteration or busy wait. If the generation has >- * changed, retry the entire list traversal. >+ * Perform piecewise iteration on overflow list waiting until "addr" and >+ * wildcard are not present. Raw spinlock is released and taken between each >+ * list item and busy loop iteration. The overflow list generation is checked >+ * each time the lock is taken to validate that the list has not changed >before >+ * resuming iteration or busy wait. If the generation has changed, retry the >+ * entire list traversal. > */ > static > void hazptr_synchronize_overflow_list(struct hazptr_overflow_list > *overflow_list, void *addr) >@@ -147,13 +150,11 @@ void hazptr_synchronize_overflow_list(struct >hazptr_overflow_list *overflow_list > retry: > snapshot_gen = overflow_list->gen; > hlist_for_each_entry(backup_slot, &overflow_list->head, overflow_node) { >- /* Busy-wait if node is found. */ >+ /* Busy-wait if addr or wildcard are found. */ > for (;;) { > void *load_addr = > smp_load_acquire(&backup_slot->slot.addr); /* Load B */ > >- /* We don't expect wildcards in overflow list. */ >- WARN_ON_ONCE(is_wildcard(load_addr)); >- if (load_addr != addr) >+ if (load_addr != addr && load_addr != HAZPTR_WILDCARD) > break; > raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&overflow_list->lock, flags); > cpu_relax(); >@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ void hazptr_synchronize_overflow_list(struct >hazptr_overflow_list *overflow_list > } > > static >-void hazptr_synchronize_cpu_slots(int cpu, void *addr, void *scan_wildcard) >+void hazptr_synchronize_cpu_slots(int cpu, void *addr) > { > struct hazptr_percpu_slots *percpu_slots = > per_cpu_ptr(&hazptr_percpu_slots, cpu); > unsigned int idx; >@@ -182,13 +183,13 @@ void hazptr_synchronize_cpu_slots(int cpu, void *addr, >void *scan_wildcard) > for (idx = 0; idx < NR_HAZPTR_PERCPU_SLOTS; idx++) { > struct hazptr_slot_item *item = &percpu_slots->items[idx]; > >- /* Busy-wait if node is found. */ >- smp_cond_load_acquire(&item->slot.addr, VAL != addr && VAL != >scan_wildcard); /* Load B */ >+ /* Busy-wait if addr is found. */ >+ smp_cond_load_acquire(&item->slot.addr, VAL != addr); /* Load B >*/ > } > } > > static >-void hazptr_scan_cpu_slots_period(void *addr, void *scan_wildcard) >+void hazptr_scan_cpu_slots(void *addr) > { > int cpu; > >@@ -196,16 +197,13 @@ void hazptr_scan_cpu_slots_period(void *addr, void >*scan_wildcard) > for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { > /* > * Scan CPU slots. >- * Forward progress against recurring wildcards is guaranteed >- * by scanning for one wildcard while new elements use the >- * other wildcard value (1UL vs 2UL). > * Forward progress against recurring single hazard pointer > * values is guaranteed by the fact that a hazard pointer > * is not reclaimed nor reused until the scan for that hazard > * pointer completes, which prevents a steady flow of readers > * to acquire that same hazard pointer value. > */ >- hazptr_synchronize_cpu_slots(cpu, addr, scan_wildcard); >+ hazptr_synchronize_cpu_slots(cpu, addr); > } > } > >@@ -237,7 +235,6 @@ void hazptr_scan_overflow_list_period(void *addr, unsigned >int scan_idx) > void hazptr_synchronize(void *addr) > { > unsigned int scan_list_phase; >- void *scan_wildcard; > > /* > * Busy-wait should only be done from preemptible context. >@@ -251,16 +248,14 @@ void hazptr_synchronize(void *addr) > */ > if (!addr) > return; >+ > /* Memory ordering: Store A before Load B. */ > smp_mb(); > > guard(mutex)(&hazptr_phase_lock); > > /* Scan per-CPU slots. */ >- scan_wildcard = flip_wildcard(hazptr_wildcard); >- hazptr_scan_cpu_slots_period(addr, scan_wildcard); >- WRITE_ONCE(hazptr_wildcard, scan_wildcard); /* Flip >the current wildcard. */ >- hazptr_scan_cpu_slots_period(addr, flip_wildcard(scan_wildcard)); >+ hazptr_scan_cpu_slots(addr); > > /* > * Scan overflow lists *after* scanning per-CPU slots. See > --- Thanks! "I'm not a very positive person" - Linus torvalds
