Linux-Misc Digest #891, Volume #26 Mon, 22 Jan 01 15:13:04 EST
Contents:
Re: Swap size / Memory upgrade (Johan Kullstam)
Re: mounting as nonroot? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: German Linux Portal Project - Need content writers ("Peter T. Breuer")
[Q] keyboard dies after a while ("Rolf Marvin B�e Lindgren")
Re: Linux on a 64MB flash disk (Trevor Barton)
mac diskette? (Alexandros Sklavos)
Re: scanner help ("giovanni")
Re: Best way to replicate Linux partition? (Hugh Lawson)
Re: Protect yourself! I got hacked by the Ramen worm (webbgroup)
how to duplicate a linux installation? (Alois Treindl)
Re: mounting as nonroot? (Lew Pitcher)
Re: HELP : Adaptec AHA1505 SCSI-card (Rik Lambrichts)
Re: HELP : Adaptec AHA1505 SCSI-card (Rik Lambrichts)
max-files?? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Swap size / Memory upgrade ("Martin Eriksson")
Re: HELP : Adaptec AHA1505 SCSI-card ("Peter T. Breuer")
Re: Best way to replicate Linux partition? ("Eric en Jolanda")
Re: Record tape -> Linux -> mp3? (Steve Ackman)
Re: Swap size / Memory upgrade (Steve Ackman)
Re: Help! I can't use a mic (Steve Ackman)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Swap size / Memory upgrade
From: Johan Kullstam <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: 22 Jan 2001 12:41:00 -0500
ekk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> Thanks, Jamess for your advice. The person whose job I inherited told me
> that the swap space should be double the amount of RAM for up to 512 MB,
> 1.5x for 512 - 1024, and 1x for above 1024 MB.
certain older (and maybe some current) unix distributions require that
you have enough swap space for all your memory, i.e., anything in
memory is also mirrored on disk swap. the left-over is swap storage.
it's similar to inclusive/exclusive L1/L2 caching on a CPU. the AMD
(tbird and duron) uses exclusive, the intel uses inclusive.
linux does not repeat core in swap. thus the linux swap is whatever
the left-over would have under the traditional regime.
> I'm not terribly sure why he
> thought so much swap was required, but I think he arrived at those ratios
> through experience dealing with many different machines and RAM
> amounts.
old system experience.
> The machines he set up are stable and rarely get bogged down, as long as the
> users don't push them over the RAM!
swap can be used for storing dead shells and dormant daemons at
virtually no performance penalty. some use of swap is just moving the
sleeping, non-running stuff out of the way of a process which wants to
run.
> Thank you kindly,
> Ken
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > ekk wrote:
> > >
> > > Trying to make a judgement call without enough experience -
> > >
> > > I just upgraded from 512 RAM to 1 GB. My swap space is 768. Should
> > > I increase the swap? We do often use all of the RAM available on a
> > > machine, but we of course try to avoid using the swap.
don't bother unless you find yourself running out of swap.
> > > In the same way, I also downgraded a 1 GB RAM machine to 512 (bad RAM).
> > > Do I need to lower the swap space?
> > >
> > > In both situations disk space is not a concern.
> > >
> > > I assume the best way to adjust the swap is to use Partition Magic?
> > > I don't want to go through a whole reinstall of either machine.
> > >
> > > Ken
> >
> > I have 256 MB RAM and 128 MB swap on my box. It hardly ever uses any of
> > the swap at all except for programs like Netscape, and then it uses very
> > little swap. I don't think that you need more than 128 MB of swap when
> > you have a lot of ram.
> >
> > jamess
> > --
> > "On the side of the software box, in the 'System Requirements' section,
> > it said 'Requires Windows 95 or better'. So I installed Linux."
> >
> > -Anonymous
>
--
J o h a n K u l l s t a m
[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
sysengr
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: mounting as nonroot?
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 18:04:29 GMT
In article <94hpc5$qn6$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> When I try to mount a device (e.g. -- floppy & zip disks) as nonroot,
> I get the following error:
>
> mount: must be superuser to use mount
>
> Can anybody suggest the bst way to enable user access to the mount
> command?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Ken
>
> Sent via Deja.com
> http://www.deja.com/
>
In /etc/fstab put the user option in the options field.
Paul
=======
Support provided by Linuxgruven, Inc.
www.linuxgruven.com
314-727-0918
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: German Linux Portal Project - Need content writers
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 19:09:15 +0100
Sandy Drobic <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Als ich am 22.01.01 einen Brief von Marco Behnke
> zum Thema "Re: German Linux Poral Project - Need content writers" las,
> begab ich mich auf den Kriegspfad und beschwor die Stammesgoetter mit:
>>> i started a new german! linux portal.
>> Wenn es doch German ist und Du hier in eine Deutsche Newsgroup postest,
>> warum dann auf Englisch?
> Because he was sloppy enough to crosspost the message to an english
> newsgroup as well.
Wonderful! I didn't know the german for "to post" was "posten".
Ich lerne etwas jeder Tag.
Peter
------------------------------
From: "Rolf Marvin B�e Lindgren" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [Q] keyboard dies after a while
Date: 22 Jan 2001 19:22:52 +0100
from five to ten minutes after logging in, the keyboard (but not the
mouse) produces no output. when booting Windows NT instead of Linux,
there are no keyboard problems. I have tried two different keyboards
and both show the same problem.
I run Debian Potato GNU/Linux with gdm and WindowMaker. the problem is
very recent. it began _after_ i recompiled the kernel to support OSS
sound. I had to reinstall vmware to support the new kernel. the
problem occurs whether vmware runs or not.
help, anyone?
--
Rolf Lindgren http://www.roffe.com/
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Trevor Barton)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.embedded
Subject: Re: Linux on a 64MB flash disk
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 22 Jan 2001 11:48:10 GMT
On Sat, 20 Jan 2001 00:37:41 +0000, Jeff Strunk wrote:
>On Fri, 19 Jan 2001 14:35:33 -0500
>"Buzz Lightyear" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>> > > I'm about to install Linux on a PC/104 card with a 64MB flash disk.
>
>BTW, just in case someone doesn't know, Flash has a limit to the amount of writes or
>erases it can do. If you use ext2fs, your flash will be useless in weeks. I have an
>Agenda
Only, of course, if you mount it RW. Often you cen get away with RO mounts.
>PDA(runs linux :) ) it uses JFFS. it uses journaling so it will take longer to break
>the flash.
>www.agendacomputing.com
>currently in open development among those who signed up for the developer edition.
>It should be ready in late 1q or early 2q.
>
>Jeff
--
Trevor Barton
Isotek Electronics Ltd, Claro House, Servia Road, Leeds, LS7 1NL, UK
Tel: +44 (113) 234 3202, Fax +44 (113) 234 2918
Remove X from [EMAIL PROTECTED] before replying.
------------------------------
From: Alexandros Sklavos <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: mac diskette?
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 19:25:01 +0100
Hallo,
I have downloaded to my linux machine some .image files from
installation diskettes of System 7.0 of Mac. I've succeded in extracting
the necessary .image files, but now, I don't know of how to get them oln
diskette.
I 've tryied
dd if=Install1.image of=/dev/fd0
but my mac won't accept it...
Any ideas?
------------------------------
From: "giovanni" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: scanner help
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 19:31:28 +0100
Hi, I am quite new to Linux, but everythings works well,except the scanner
and videocam.
Anyone knows about drivers for MICROTEK V6USB scanner (on a SCSI adaptec
card which the system see well) and a Philips USB camera?
I got SANE, but when I try to install it on my RH 7.0 System, is says that
libgdk.so.1
libgtk.so.1
libgimp.so.1
are missing: I have gtk and gimp packages installed and well running. Where
is the bug???
thanks
giovanni
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Hugh Lawson)
Subject: Re: Best way to replicate Linux partition?
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 18:17:31 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>Eric wrote:
>>
>> MH wrote:
>> >
>> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> >
>> > > I want to migrate to a new hard drive that I have bought but do not want
>> > > to lose any of the additions/customizations I have in my current
>> > > installation. What is the best way to do this. I currently am running
>> > > Red Hat 6.2. Would dd or cpio be the best way?
>> > >
>> >
>> > Assuming your new HDD is as large or larger than your existing HDD:
>> >
>> > 1) Install new HDD
>> > 2) cp /dev/hda /dev/hdb (assuming hda is current HDD and hdb is new HDD)
>>
>> use `cp -a` instead
>>
>> Eric
>
>I would use cp -a -p -R instead. Do a man cp to find out why.
>
On my version of 'cp', man page says:
-a, --archive
same as -dpR
Debian potato.
--
Hugh Lawson
Greensboro, North Carolina
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: webbgroup <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: linux.redhat.install,comp.os.linux.setup,linux.redhat.misc
Subject: Re: Protect yourself! I got hacked by the Ramen worm
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 18:34:44 GMT
Sorry you got hacked, but RedHat had fixes on their website last year
before the worm was created.
1. You should have a firewall.
2. You should read the new xinet.d man pages and why they started using
them (I don't really care whether I use inet or xinet cause I am behind
a firewall anyway)
3. Use SSH for all your ftp and telnet like connections. It is
unbelievably easy to sniff and get cleartext passwords).
4. Read the Security How-to.
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
E J <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Install the nfs, wu for RH6.2 and LPR for RH7.0 Now.
>
> Commands to update and effectively close these
> vulnerabilities on Redhat Linux 6.2 server:
> rpm -Uvh
> ftp://updates.redhat.com/6.2/i386/nfs-utils-0.1.9.1-1.i386.rpm
> rpm -Uvh
> ftp://updates.redhat.com/6.2/i386/wu-ftpd-2.6.0-14.6x.i386.rpm
>
> Commands to update and effectively close these
> vulnerabilities on Redhat Linux 7.0 server:
> rpm -Uvh
> ftp://updates.redhat.com/7.0/i386/LPRng-3.6.24-2.i386.rpm
>
> I did not do any installation of updates on RH7.0 because it was
freshly
> installed.
> I got hacked this morning. I was wondering why my hard disk was
> whirling.
> I ran 'top' and found 'find' was running.
> I turn netscape to 'http://localhost' and sure enough I was hacked by
> the Ramen worm.
> My printer does not print anymore because they exploited lpr.
> I check my security logs and found the offending computer who launched
> the attack.
> When I turned my netscape to "http://xxx.yyy.zzz.www" and looked at
> their website, it
> came with the Ramen worm webpage.
> I sent an email to CERT notifying about the hack on my computer.
> To repair the damage, I went to
> http://www.whitehats.com/library/worms/ramen/ and followed their
> instruction.
> It wiped out all of my index.html with the Ramen worm webpage.
> I had to do an upgrade of all the RH7.0 packages I installed. (2
hours
> of work)
> I had to get all personal index.html from my quite recent backup.
> I wrote to www.digitaldesk.com because they said it was a beneficial
> worm in their news story.
> What a shitty story!!!
> The Ramen work causes too much damage to my computer.
>
>
--
^*
0 0 Happy Holidays!!
( V )
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: Alois Treindl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: how to duplicate a linux installation?
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 18:56:04 GMT
For a web server farm, I need identical Linux (Redhat 6.2) installations
on a whole set of servers, which differ only by their IP addresses.
I would like to be able to maintain the linux system only on one of the
servers, and
push a copy of it to each of the identical machines.
Is there a how-to description somewhere how to do this in a convenient way?
Alois
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Lew Pitcher)
Subject: Re: mounting as nonroot?
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 18:57:22 GMT
On Mon, 22 Jan 2001 17:07:25 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>When I try to mount a device (e.g. -- floppy & zip disks) as nonroot,
>I get the following error:
>
> mount: must be superuser to use mount
>
>Can anybody suggest the bst way to enable user access to the mount
>command?
add the device and mountpoint to your fstab, with options 'user'
and a user will be able to mount by naming the mountpoint.
'man mount' and look for the paragraph that starts "Normally, only the
superuser can mount file systems. However, when fstab contains the
user option on a line, then anybody can mount the corresponding
system."
Lew Pitcher
Information Technology Consultant
Toronto Dominion Bank Financial Group
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
(Opinions expressed are my own, not my employer's.)
------------------------------
From: Rik Lambrichts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.questions
Subject: Re: HELP : Adaptec AHA1505 SCSI-card
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 20:09:12 +0100
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] says...
> In comp.os.linux.help Rik Lambrichts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > In article <1eOa6.9686$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] says...
> >>
> >> "Rik Lambrichts" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> >> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> >> > Normally the Adaptec Scsi-card AHA1505 is installed
> >> > at boot-time by giving bootparameters trough LILO.
> >> > I'm using a bootfloppy with the kernel on it to boot
> >> > my multihomed system directly and I would like to keep
> >> > it that way.
> >> > Is there a way to use that card without using LILO and
> >> > bootparameters ?
>
> > I Know the use of Lilo, but, as I stated in my posting,
> > I'm looking for a way to boot WITHOUT using LILO.
>
> Why? And no, you said "without using lilo AND bootparameters". The
> suggestion of using append= indeed means you don't input kernel
> bootparameters at the boot prompt, they're input to the kernel for you
> by lilo.
>
> If you don't like lilo, you can use another loader instead, but I fail
> to see the difference. You would still be booting your system
> "directly", whatever that means. Perhaps you are unaware that lilo
> can be on the floppy? In fact, it normally is.
>
> Peter
>
Witch leaves me with my original question :
How to use the AHA1502/5/10 cards WITHOUT using LILO,
so WITHOUT "using lilo AND/OR/EXOR/NOR .. (boot-append-submit-passed
...)parameters". I know how to use LILO and I decided NOT to use it on
my development machine. That's all ... and I don't argue about that.
To keep the thread short : I found a solution :
(in linux-kernel 2.2.14)
in /usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/Makefile add the following to the line
that starts with CLAGS_aha152x.o:
-DSKIP_BIOSTEST -DSETUP0="{ IOPORT, IRQ, SCSI_ID, RECONNECT,
PARITY, SYNCHRONOUS, DELAY, EXT_TRANS }"
where
IOPORT base io address (0x340/0x140)
IRQ interrupt level (9-12; default 11)
SCSI_ID scsi id of controller (0-7; default 7)
RECONNECT allow targets to disconnect from the bus(0/1; default 1
[on])
PARITY enable parity checking (0/1; default 1 [on])
SYNCHRONOUS enable synchronous transfers (0/1; default 0 [off])
(NOT WORKING YET in kernel 2.2.14)
DELAY: bus reset delay (default 100)
EXT_TRANS: enable extended translation (0/1: default 0 [off])
so I added : -DSKIP_BIOSTEST -DSETUP0="{0x340,10,7,1,1,0,100,0}"
because I jumpered the card to have interrupt 10 and base io address 340.
Because the aha1502/05/10 are ISA - non PnP, I had to setup the Bios not
to use interupt 10 for distributing amongst PCI-PNP setup and leave for
"legacy device".
Delete /usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/aha152x.o and recomplile the kernel
("make bzImage"). Than, in my case, I just do
"cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /dev/fd0" and "reboot" (from
floppy).
--
Regards.
Rik Lambrichts
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: Rik Lambrichts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.questions
Subject: Re: HELP : Adaptec AHA1505 SCSI-card
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 20:09:15 +0100
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] says...
> Normally the Adaptec Scsi-card AHA1505 is installed
> at boot-time by giving bootparameters trough LILO.
> I'm using a bootfloppy with the kernel on it to boot
> my multihomed system directly and I would like to keep
> it that way.
> Is there a way to use that card without using LILO and
> bootparameters ?
>
>
I found a solution :
(in linux-kernel 2.2.14)
in /usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/Makefile add the following to the line
that starts with CLAGS_aha152x.o:
-DSKIP_BIOSTEST -DSETUP0="{ IOPORT, IRQ, SCSI_ID, RECONNECT,
PARITY, SYNCHRONOUS, DELAY, EXT_TRANS }"
where
IOPORT base io address (0x340/0x140)
IRQ interrupt level (9-12; default 11)
SCSI_ID scsi id of controller (0-7; default 7)
RECONNECT allow targets to disconnect from the bus(0/1; default 1
[on])
PARITY enable parity checking (0/1; default 1 [on])
SYNCHRONOUS enable synchronous transfers (0/1; default 0 [off])
(NOT WORKING YET in kernel 2.2.14)
DELAY: bus reset delay (default 100)
EXT_TRANS: enable extended translation (0/1: default 0 [off])
so I added : -DSKIP_BIOSTEST -DSETUP0="{0x340,10,7,1,1,0,100,0}"
because I jumpered the card to have interrupt 10 and base io address 340.
Because the aha1502/05/10 are ISA - non PnP, I had to setup the Bios not
to use interupt 10 for distributing amongst PCI-PNP setup and leave for
"legacy device".
Delete /usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/aha152x.o and recomplile the kernel
("make bzImage"). Than, in my case, I just do
"cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /dev/fd0" and "reboot" (from
floppy).
--
Regards.
Rik Lambrichts
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: max-files??
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 19:11:58 GMT
Lo' There...
How do I change the default max-files when compiling a new kernel?
I can't seem to find any info anywhere.
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: "Martin Eriksson" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Swap size / Memory upgrade
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 20:21:30 +0100
Linux will not put data on the swap disk until main memory get full. Why
people recommend as much swap as memory is uncomprehendable to me. Maybe in
some critical servers where you just CANT let processes die because of
memory shortage.
But for example, if ONE instantiation of a program uses 1GB RAM... you
should count on the event that accidentally TWO such processes start, and
thus will use 2GB RAM. Then you would want to have 1.5GB swap "just in
case".
Well, you get it... The actual point is: Linux does not use more swap only
because you give it more swap space.
"ekk" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> Trying to make a judgement call without enough experience -
>
> I just upgraded from 512 RAM to 1 GB. My swap space is 768. Should
> I increase the swap? We do often use all of the RAM available on a
> machine, but we of course try to avoid using the swap.
>
> In the same way, I also downgraded a 1 GB RAM machine to 512 (bad RAM).
> Do I need to lower the swap space?
>
> In both situations disk space is not a concern.
>
> I assume the best way to adjust the swap is to use Partition Magic?
> I don't want to go through a whole reinstall of either machine.
>
> Ken
>
>
>
------------------------------
From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.questions
Subject: Re: HELP : Adaptec AHA1505 SCSI-card
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 20:27:16 +0100
In comp.os.linux.help Rik Lambrichts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] says...
>> In comp.os.linux.help Rik Lambrichts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> > In article <1eOa6.9686$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] says...
> How to use the AHA1502/5/10 cards WITHOUT using LILO,
This makes no sense. Do you mean "without any bootloader"? If your
objection is only to lilo, then use loadlin or grub or any of the
others. If your objection is to bootloaders perse, then you can't use
anything, because the kernel itself contains a bootloader.
> ...)parameters". I know how to use LILO and I decided NOT to use it on
> my development machine. That's all ... and I don't argue about that.
And what is your problem with loadlin, grub, etc. etc,. etc.?
> (in linux-kernel 2.2.14)
>
> in /usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/Makefile add the following to the line
> that starts with CLAGS_aha152x.o:
> -DSKIP_BIOSTEST -DSETUP0="{ IOPORT, IRQ, SCSI_ID, RECONNECT,
> PARITY, SYNCHRONOUS, DELAY, EXT_TRANS }"
> where
> IOPORT base io address (0x340/0x140)
> IRQ interrupt level (9-12; default 11)
> SCSI_ID scsi id of controller (0-7; default 7)
> RECONNECT allow targets to disconnect from the bus(0/1; default 1
> [on])
> PARITY enable parity checking (0/1; default 1 [on])
> SYNCHRONOUS enable synchronous transfers (0/1; default 0 [off])
> (NOT WORKING YET in kernel 2.2.14)
> DELAY: bus reset delay (default 100)
> EXT_TRANS: enable extended translation (0/1: default 0 [off])
> so I added : -DSKIP_BIOSTEST -DSETUP0="{0x340,10,7,1,1,0,100,0}"
> because I jumpered the card to have interrupt 10 and base io address 340.
> Because the aha1502/05/10 are ISA - non PnP, I had to setup the Bios not
> to use interupt 10 for distributing amongst PCI-PNP setup and leave for
> "legacy device".
> Delete /usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/aha152x.o and recomplile the kernel
> ("make bzImage"). Than, in my case, I just do
> "cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /dev/fd0" and "reboot" (from
> floppy).
And what's the point of that? Put a dos bootdisk in the drive, copy the
kernel to it, and in config.sys put
shell=loadlin vmlinuz root=/dev/sda3 ro aha1502=my_fave
or whatever. Or do the same using grub. Or ... anything. I fail to
see why compiling it into your kernel is something you like, while all
the other obvious and easy solutions are things you hate.
Peter
------------------------------
From: "Eric en Jolanda" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Best way to replicate Linux partition?
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 20:42:43 +0100
> > use `cp -a` instead
> >
> > Eric
>
> I would use cp -a -p -R instead. Do a man cp to find out why.
>
man cp :
-a is the same as -dpR
Eric
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve Ackman)
Subject: Re: Record tape -> Linux -> mp3?
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 13:53:17 -0500
On 22 Jan 2001 03:11:15 GMT, Bill Unruh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>In <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Rithban <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>
>
>]I have a couple of speaches on cassette that I would like to make into
>]mp3s as the tapes are starting to die. The problem that I have is trying
>]to record off of a tape player hooked up to the sound card. How can I
>]record directly to a file instead of to memory? The speaking goes on for
>]about an hour.
>
>]Speach isn't a high bandwidth item, so this shouldn't be hard. I'm just
>]blind and can't find the right place to start.
>
>None of the recording things know whether you have high bandwidth new
>music on that tape, or simple speach or 1 hour of tape hiss. They all
>take the same amount of space-- about 600MB per hour.
It depends on your sampling rate as to how much bandwidth a
(raw) monaural sound stream uses.
~Quality sample rate resolution bandwidth/filesize
====================================================================
CD 44100Hz 16-bit 5187K/min / 304MB/hr
FM radio 16000Hz 16-bit 1882K/min / 110MB/hr
AM radio 11025Hz 16-bit 1297K/min / 76MB/hr
AM radio-alt 16000Hz 8-bit 941K/min / 55MB/hr
If you want to play these speeches on a portable MP3 player,
then mp3 format would be the way to go. If you'll be playing
them on the computer, then use ogg format.
Both mp3 and ogg will reduce the size of your wav file by about
85-90% but the ogg will result in better quality... not to
mention it's open source, while mp3 is a patented algorithm.
I suspect we'll be seeing portable ogg players replacing the
mp3 players in the not-too-distant future.
>Use programs like gramofile or gnoise to record the stuff through your
>sound card to disk. Then run that file through mp3.
I would think piping the sound card input through sox and
then through oggencode might be the way to go... though I
don't have oggencode installed at the moment to check the man
pages, you could probably even pipe directly from the sound
card to oggencode.
--
Steve Ackman
http://twovoyagers.com
Registered Linux User #79430
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve Ackman)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Swap size / Memory upgrade
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 14:06:26 -0500
On Mon, 22 Jan 2001 10:03:55 -0500, ekk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Trying to make a judgement call without enough experience -
>
>I just upgraded from 512 RAM to 1 GB. My swap space is 768. Should
>I increase the swap? We do often use all of the RAM available on a
>machine, but we of course try to avoid using the swap.
>
>In the same way, I also downgraded a 1 GB RAM machine to 512 (bad RAM).
>Do I need to lower the swap space?
>
>In both situations disk space is not a concern.
>
>I assume the best way to adjust the swap is to use Partition Magic?
>I don't want to go through a whole reinstall of either machine.
>
>Ken
Swap space is "virtual RAM." It's there for when your machine
requires more memory than it has physically installed.
If you never touch swap space, then you certainly don't need to
enlarge it. As a matter of fact, it's just going to waste. On
machine one, I daresay you could probably do without any swap at
all.
On machine 2, you need to *increase* your swap if the kernel is
killing off processes due to insufficient memory. Otherwise,
just leave it alone.
--
Steve Ackman
http://twovoyagers.com
Registered Linux User #79430
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve Ackman)
Subject: Re: Help! I can't use a mic
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2001 14:22:35 -0500
On Mon, 22 Jan 2001 15:48:36 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I got a mic for christmas, and I can't use it. When I try to record
>from it, sox gives me the message "sox:'/dev/audio':no such device" or
>something to that effect. It also gives me that message when I do a
>"dd bs=8k count=4 </dev/audio >/tmp/sample.au" Which ViaVoice tells to
>do to make sure that my sound card can be used for audio input. There
>are no programs using the sound card when I do this, so I cannot find
>any problem with the statement. Also, sometimes, I cannot even output
>sound, I get the same messages. Someone Help ME!!!!
Judging by your browser/kernel versions, I'm going to assume
you're using Red Hat 6.2. If that's the case, have you run
sndconfig? If so, then try the direct approach:
'cat /dev/audio > /tmp/test.au' and make some noise.
ctrl-c to exit. The reverse, 'cat /tmp/test.au > /dev/audio'
should play it back. If you get no playback, look at test.au to
see if it contains all zeros. If so, then your sound never recorded.
If it's full of numbers, then it recorded, but failed to play
back for some reason.
--
Steve Ackman
http://twovoyagers.com
Registered Linux User #79430
------------------------------
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