Don't beat me if I get this wrong. However, I would do this differently,
because, you seem to have the same net 192.168.0.0 assigned to more than
one networkdevice. I am not sure if that works. You may check that the
ip-forwarding is turned on. 

> I am trying to set up the following configuration
> ppp0---->linuxbox1--(192.168.0.31 eth0)---->(192.168.0.30
> eth0)--->linuxbox2----->ppp0---->internet

What I would do is

192.168.1.2 --ppp0-- linuxbox1(192.168.1.1 for ppp0 on this side)
linuxbox1 (eth0 192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0) --eth0 -- linuxbox2
                (with 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0)
linuxbox2 (assigned address by ISP, I guess) ---ppp0---gateway to internet 
 

You need to have ip-forwarding on on both machines. And you need to
masquerade for the other nets on both machines. 

Your problems as I see them:

> Kernel IP routing table
> Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
> 192.168.0.31    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0
> 192.168.0.30    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0
> 192.168.0.21    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp0
> 192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
> 127.0.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.0.0.0       U     0      0        0 lo
> 0.0.0.0         192.168.0.31    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
> -----------------------------
> I can ping 192.168.0.31 but not 192.168.0.30 

Your gateway would have to be 192.168.0.30 as it is the other machine you
want to go through. 

> When I connect to Linuxbox2 using ppp1 (not shown above) and do a route -n,
> I get the following results: 
> Linuxbox2
> Kernel IP routing table
> Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
> 192.168.0.31    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0
> 192.168.0.30    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0
> 192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp0
> 192.168.0.21    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp1
> 192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
> 127.0.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.0.0.0       U     0      0        0 lo
> 0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         U     0      0        0 ppp0
> 0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ppp0 
> -----------------------------   
> I can ping 192.168.0.30 but not 192.168.0.31

This should work according to the routing table, though I am not sure if
the packets get routed the right way, because 192.168.0.1 and
192.168.0.30 or 31 ARE on the same subnet. 


Try it with the set-up I suggested above. I have had no problem with this,
ever. 

You might also check your netmasks.

.peter


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