Linux-Setup Digest #706, Volume #20 Sun, 25 Feb 01 19:13:13 EST
Contents:
Re: RH 7 Instalation Troubles - LILO ("William Dandreta")
Proxy ("Filp")
Re: Linux partitioning question (Jean-David Beyer)
Re: Linux partitioning question (Tim Moore)
Re: Creative LiveValue Sound Driver... ("Bbitzer")
Partition mount points for Redhat Linux install (Gilbert Gulston)
Re: Linux partitioning question ("Greg H.")
Re: Linux partitioning question (Eric P. McCoy)
Re: A $PATH for all to see... (Calum Selkirk)
Re: Partition mount points for Redhat Linux install
(=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Rasmus_B=F8g_Hansen?=)
Re: Linux partitioning question (Rod Smith)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: "William Dandreta" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: RH 7 Instalation Troubles - LILO
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 21:53:57 GMT
Hi Chris,
I am having a similar problem. I don't know how to fix the lilo problem yet
but if you run
fdisk /MBR
from a DOS prompt it will restore the MBR so the system will then boot to
windows.
If you made a Linux boot disk, you can use it to boot to Linux until you
figure out how to get lilo to work correctly.
Bill
------------------------------
From: "Filp" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Proxy
Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2001 09:14:15 +1100
Hello,
I'm considering setting up a Linux gateway and I was wondering what
theories were going for using a proxy such as squid, versus ipchains
Masquerading? I know how to set up both, I'm just looking for opinions on
security, maintenance, reliability, overhead, things like that.
Any opinions greatly appreciated.
Filp.
============================================================================
=======
Set-up:
Gateway, Redhat 7.0, 56k modem, P100, 32Mb, 1Gb
Clients, windoze 9x.
------------------------------
From: Jean-David Beyer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc
Subject: Re: Linux partitioning question
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 17:36:20 -0500
Gregg Black wrote:
>
> I'm reading up on setting up linux, and it states that many will setup
> separate partitions for /usr and /home besides ones swap space. I would
> like to ask you how you usually setup your partitioning. I was a little bit
> confused on it, for you at least need a mounting point of root. This is how
> I did it, but I'm not sure if it's how it should be done. I set one
> partition for about 3/4 of the drive as '/'. I thought that would cover my
> separate partition for /usr as well as the mount point. My second partition
> and about 1/4 of the drive (not all, as the last is for swap) I set as mount
> point /home. Then of course the remaining 256 megs I set for swap.
>
> At first I was going to create a 7 meg partition just for mounting root,
> then the larger 3/4 approx for /usr, and then the last primary for /home but
> I thought it just made more sense to make just a / and /home partition.
> Maybe I'm just not thinking about this correctly. Any suggestions would be
> appreciated!
>
> I'm running Mandrake 7.2
I set mine up as follows (YMMV):
Disk /dev/sda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 1116 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 3 24066 83 Linux
/boot
/dev/sda2 4 20 136552+ 82 Linux swap
/dev/sda3 21 275 2048287+ 83 Linux
/data1
/dev/sda4 276 1116 6755332+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 276 403 1028128+ 83 Linux /opt
/dev/sda6 404 420 136521 83 Linux /tmp
/dev/sda7 421 452 257008+ 83 Linux /var
/dev/sda8 453 1116 5333548+ 83 Linux /
Disk /dev/sdb: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 1116 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 1 3 24066 83 Linux
/boot2
/dev/sdb2 4 20 136552+ 82 Linux swap
/dev/sdb3 21 275 2048287+ 83 Linux
/data2
/dev/sdb4 276 1116 6755332+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 276 1116 6755301 83 Linux
/home
It might make sense for me to reorder them a little. Since I
almost never swap, for example, I should probably put the swap
partitions out of the way. I do not know if /opt and / should be
closer together or not. Likewise, I have not split /usr off from
/, though it might be a good idea. But it is too much trouble to
change these, so I will not do anything until my next install,
probably over a year from now.
--
.~. Jean-David Beyer Registered Linux User 85642.
/V\ Registered Machine 73926.
/( )\ Shrewsbury, New Jersey http://counter.li.org
^^-^^ 5:30pm up 5 days, 1:04, 3 users, load average: 3.07, 3.23,
3.21
------------------------------
From: Tim Moore <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: Linux partitioning question
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 22:31:25 GMT
Minimum traditional place to start for 6GB drive, in this order:
/ 50MB }
/usr 2500MB } primary partitions
swap 250MB }
extended partition here
/var 100MB }
/tmp 250MB } logical partitions
/home 1000MB }
/big (rest) }
/ (root) contains critical directories like /lib /etc /bin /boot. Don't
skimp. Remember the outside 1/3 of the disk (smaller cylinder numbers)
is almost 50% faster than the inside 1/3. swap is after /usr to reduce
head travel. You can always carve up /big later using fdisk. Also you
could do a minimal:
/ 50MB }
/usr 3500MB } primary partitions
swap 250MB }
/home (rest) }
where things like /var /tmp and /opt all end up in the /usr partition.
This is ok but you only get 4 primary partitions just like DOS.
Here's my partition table which dual boots W95. Note /dev/hda11 is not
used for anything at the moment. If the old W95 wasn't there, swap
would be after /usr.
# fdisk -l /dev/hda
Disk /dev/hda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 2501 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 62 497983+ 6 FAT16
/dev/hda2 * 63 68 48195 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 69 100 257040 82 Linux swap
/dev/hda4 101 2491 19205707+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 101 483 3076416 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 484 499 128488+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 500 565 530113+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda8 566 820 2048256 83 Linux
/dev/hda9 821 922 819283+ 6 FAT16
/dev/hda10 923 1305 3076416 83 Linux
/dev/hda11 1306 2491 9526513+ 83 Linux
# df
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2 46636 38377 5851 87% /
/dev/hda5 3027852 1401390 1626462 46% /usr
/dev/hda6 124427 23013 94990 20% /var
/dev/hda7 521748 696 494548 0% /tmp
/dev/hda8 2015964 906674 1109290 45% /home
/dev/hda10 3028080 1485700 1542380 49% /kits
Gregg Black wrote:
>
> I'm reading up on setting up linux, and it states that many will setup
> separate partitions for /usr and /home besides ones swap space. I would
> like to ask you how you usually setup your partitioning. I was a little bit
> confused on it, for you at least need a mounting point of root. This is how
> I did it, but I'm not sure if it's how it should be done. I set one
> partition for about 3/4 of the drive as '/'. I thought that would cover my
> separate partition for /usr as well as the mount point. My second partition
> and about 1/4 of the drive (not all, as the last is for swap) I set as mount
> point /home. Then of course the remaining 256 megs I set for swap.
>
> At first I was going to create a 7 meg partition just for mounting root,
> then the larger 3/4 approx for /usr, and then the last primary for /home but
> I thought it just made more sense to make just a / and /home partition.
> Maybe I'm just not thinking about this correctly. Any suggestions would be
> appreciated!
>
> I'm running Mandrake 7.2
--
timothymoore
bigfoot
com
------------------------------
From: "Bbitzer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Creative LiveValue Sound Driver...
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 16:31:41 -0500
My RH or Mandrake did not produce sound with a sound blaster live value card
until I connected another audio cable between the sound card and speakers
using the analog jacks. The OS did not play sound using the Digital
connection.
Hope this helps.
"Cornel van Mastrigt" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> root wrote:
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > Finally I got connect to the isp....thanks!
> >
> > Another question!!!
> >
> > Is there any generic sound card driver for the Creative Sound
> > Blaster Live Value card???
> >
> > Urgent! Please help!!
> >
> > Thanks!
> >
> > sixoneo
>
> --
>
> Download it at http://opensource.creative.com/
>
> Good luck,
>
> Cornel
>
> Linux 2.2.18 i686
> 3:51pm up 3 days, 14:56, 5 users, load average: 1.10, 1.18, 1.21
> mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> http://cornel.penguinpowered.com
------------------------------
From: Gilbert Gulston <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Partition mount points for Redhat Linux install
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 23:30:06 -0000
I'm a beginner trying to make my first install of Linux to two old 500MG
IDE drives. I made one of the drives a single primary partition to
mount /usr. I hoped that partition would hold all of the packages I wanted
to install, but the install actually needed an additional 130MG.
I have an empty logical partition on the second drive that I tried to
mount as /usr through Disk Druid during the install process. Disk Druid
does not allow you to edit two mount points as /usr, so I tried mounting
the extra empty 160MG on the second drive as /usr/local. I learned,
however, that a custom Linux 7.0 does not install to /usr/local
automatically. Is there any way to install the additional packages to that
empty logical partition on an initial install - or will I have to install
a minimal package, then try to get the rest in later?
I would also appreciate any advice on the following bug/error message that
shut down the install:
rc=self.todo.doInstall ()
File "/var/tmp/anaconda-7.0.1//usr/lib/anaconda/todo.py", line 1619
in doInstall
Self.createCdrom()
File "/var/tmp/anaconda-7.0.1//usr/lib/anaconda/todo.py", line 1189
in createCdrom
os.symlink(deice, self.instPath + "/dev/" + cdname)
OSError: [Errno 28] no space left on device
Thanks for your help
--
Posted via CNET Help.com
http://www.help.com/
------------------------------
From: "Greg H." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Linux partitioning question
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 23:27:23 GMT
(Answered via c.o.l.h., but only posted to c.o.l.s.)
In comp.os.linux.hardware Gregg Black <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Maybe I'm just not thinking about this correctly. Any suggestions would be
> appreciated!
I've spent a lot of time searching for partitioning schemes for non-server
systems and have come up with little. From the things I've read and the posts
from users over various groups, I've come to the conclusions that all that's
really needed is a root ("/") partition and a swap partition. The only others
you may need to consider are a seperate /boot partition at the beginning of the
drive if you have the 1024-cylinder problem and perhaps a seperate /home
partition if either (1) you want to have multiple installs of *NIX and share a
/home for convenience, (2) a /home isolated from corruption of other partitions,
and/or (3) a more convenient upgrade or fresh install path.
This is my opinion, of course, but I've put it to use for years now without
disappointment.
Greg
------------------------------
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: Linux partitioning question
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Eric P. McCoy)
Date: 25 Feb 2001 18:40:49 -0500
"Gregg Black" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> I'm reading up on setting up linux, and it states that many will setup
> separate partitions for /usr and /home besides ones swap space. I would
> like to ask you how you usually setup your partitioning.
Right now I use just three partitions: /boot, root, and swap. This is
not really a good solution.
The /boot partition is a RAID1 (mirrored) array. That makes it useful
as a "failproof" device so I can boot my system even if something goes
wrong. I should thus probably have /bin and /sbin on there and use
that as my root directory.
> I was a little bit confused on it, for you at least need a mounting
> point of root. This is how I did it, but I'm not sure if it's how
> it should be done. I set one partition for about 3/4 of the drive
> as '/'. I thought that would cover my separate partition for /usr
> as well as the mount point. My second partition and about 1/4 of
> the drive (not all, as the last is for swap) I set as mount point
> /home. Then of course the remaining 256 megs I set for swap.
That's basically what I did.
> At first I was going to create a 7 meg partition just for mounting root,
> then the larger 3/4 approx for /usr, and then the last primary for /home but
> I thought it just made more sense to make just a / and /home partition.
Sometimes it does. But if you know what size /usr is going to be, you
might be able to fill it up on installation and then mount it
readonly.
/tmp is also a good target for another partition. This will keep
malicious users from filling up your root filesystem and making the
system unusuable by anyone except root.
For a single-user box, I don't think there's a significant advantage
to having many partitions if you have a big enough disk - now that
LILO can boot from most anywhere on the disk on modern systems.
--
Eric McCoy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
"Knowing that a lot of people across the world with Geocities sites
absolutely despise me is about the only thing that can add a positive
spin to this situation." - Something Awful, 1/11/2001
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Calum Selkirk)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.powerpc
Subject: Re: A $PATH for all to see...
Date: 25 Feb 2001 23:43:23 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
* Mark Semsel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I've been fortunate enough to be able to successfully download and
> install Java 2 version 1.3 beta on my LinuxPPC2000 machine - and the
> demos even run correctly. I'd like to update the PATH environment
> variable on my system so all the Java programmers who log in to my box
> (actually me, using a different ID than root) will be able to compile
> and run their Java apps using the "javac" and "java" tools found in my
> java install's /bin directory.
>
> I'm not quite sure which initialization script this should go in - I'm
> only 72-hours down the Linux admin learning path.
if $USER's $SHELL is bash, in ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/path/to/java/bin
or csh/tsch in ~/.cshrc
setenv PATH "${PATH}:/path/to/java/bin"
or zsh in ~/.zshenv
typeset -U path
path=(/path/to/java/bin $path)
export path
HTH
calum
------------------------------
From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Rasmus_B=F8g_Hansen?= <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Partition mount points for Redhat Linux install
Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2001 00:44:58 +0100
On Sun, 25 Feb 2001, Gilbert Gulston wrote:
> I'm a beginner trying to make my first install of Linux to two old 500MG
> IDE drives. I made one of the drives a single primary partition to
> mount /usr. I hoped that partition would hold all of the packages I wanted
> to install, but the install actually needed an additional 130MG.
> I have an empty logical partition on the second drive that I tried to
> mount as /usr through Disk Druid during the install process. Disk Druid
> does not allow you to edit two mount points as /usr, so I tried mounting
> the extra empty 160MG on the second drive as /usr/local. I learned,
> however, that a custom Linux 7.0 does not install to /usr/local
> automatically. Is there any way to install the additional packages to that
> empty logical partition on an initial install - or will I have to install
> a minimal package, then try to get the rest in later?
You could make /usr a raid partition - but IIRC RedHat 7 does not allow
raid for /usr...
Also you could make a partition forone of the subdirs in /usr - for
example src, X11R6, bin or so.
Or you could just make a tighter installation.
> I would also appreciate any advice on the following bug/error message that
> shut down the install:
> OSError: [Errno 28] no space left on device
It just means, that you have run out of disk space.
Rasmus
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Rod Smith)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: Linux partitioning question
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2001 23:50:15 -0000
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[Posted and mailed]
In article <97bpqn$e0o$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
"Gregg Black" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> I'm reading up on setting up linux, and it states that many will setup
> separate partitions for /usr and /home besides ones swap space. I would
> like to ask you how you usually setup your partitioning. I was a little bit
> confused on it, for you at least need a mounting point of root.
...
> Maybe I'm just not thinking about this correctly. Any suggestions would be
> appreciated!
There is no single correct way to do it. There are pros and cons to just
about any partitioning scheme you can think of. For newbies, I generally
recommend a fairly minimal approach: root (/) and swap, with an optional
split of /home and, on some systems, a separate /boot partition to keep
the kernel below the 1024-cylinder mark. This last is increasingly
unnecessary as distributions include GRUB or versions of LILO that can
boot from beyond the 1024-cylinder mark. The main advantage of the
separate /home partition is that it makes it easier to do a clean 100%
reinstall without mucking up the user files.
The drawback to creating multiple partitions is that it's hard to
predict how large to make them. This is true of experienced users, but
it's especially true for new users, who really have no idea how big
these things should be. It's also something for which somebody else's
experience is useless. For instance, somebody with lots of experience
administering major mail servers will likely want a big separate /var
partition; but the average home system needs very little space devoted
to /var. /home at least, as the storage space for user files, is
something the size of which new users have some chance of estimating. If
you guess wrong, you've got to juggle data around, repartition, or
dynamically resize a partition.
Splitting off multiple partitions has several advantages, such as a
reduced chance of problems should a runaway process create a too-large
file and a reduced chance losing all your data in case of a filesystem
problem. IMHO, these are all dwarfed for new users by the near certainty
of getting partition sizes wrong, but those who know how big to make
their partitions may prefer to split things up.
--
Rod Smith, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.rodsbooks.com
Author of books on Linux & multi-OS configuration
------------------------------
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End of Linux-Setup Digest
******************************
