With the multitude of your requirements, I'd say that all of it can certainly be done in Linux, but there isn't much that does all of it in a user-friendly way. The top two programs for image processing are gimp (interactive use) and ImageMagick (non-interactive use). They won't arrange your images for you though. I use my own method, involving cp, mkdir, mv, rm, and a script which I've been using for a decade now and which uses ImageMagick for the donkey work. All commandline though, as I personally don't have a use for point'n'click in this situation.
Gthumb is a fairly decent image/photo viewer/importer/retoucher for Gnome Works well not quite sure if it has all the functionality being looked for but it certainly has a decent amount. Also theres a couple of photo Album app's for KDE which are quite nice. Unfortunaly I can't remember what they're called now and I don't have them installed.
Chad
