Good afternoon Mi Jul 17 16:39:46 2013 Thank You for help. >>>>> as far as I as newbie >>>>> understood Linux >>>>> is it possible to install >>>>> twice >>>>> Firefox >>>>> or >>>>> Claws >>>>> or any other programme? >>>>> > <snip> >> * >> Can somebody explain it to me >> or is it very very difficult? >> > > Whether or not it is very difficult depends entirely on you. * OK
> Basically, what your current level of understanding is for Linux, OS > operation, how easy it is for you to learn, etc. all contribute to > whether or not you will find it difficult. So it is hard to say. > But for the sake of learning, you might as well try to do it, right? * So wait a little bit. > >> Can somebody explain it to me > > Maybe Paul will chime in to provide better information/reading > materials as it sounds like he has much more experince with this than > I do. I will try to explain what I know and think I understand since > I have some down time. The basic issue with just installing the same > thing twice in the same place is that the second install will > overwrite all of the files of the first. * Yes. So to have two separate > installations, they need to be installed in two different places. > There are a few ways to do this: * OK > > 1) If you are compiling / building your program from source code with > gcc, you can set the install location with the option > '--prefix=name/of/your/install/directory'. Below is a link where you > can read about gcc, which is collection of program compilers that you > can probably find in your distributions software collection as an easy > to install package (maybe). > <http://gcc.gnu.org/> > On the menu on the right, you can find the manual. You can also enter > "Linux compile program tutorial" or "Linux build program from source" > or similar into your favorite search engine to find plenty of > walkthrough examples (add the name of your distribution to your search > string for more specific instructions). I'll caution that you may not > want to play around with compiling random programs on your everyday > system as you learn - It can be easy to make a mess that way. * OK I could read it but I need time to understand it. > > 2) another way is to install your program in a chroot-ed directory - I > think "chroot" comes from "change root". It is a way to make any > process launched from a directory to see that directory as root (i.e., > "/"). This is useful for aplication testing or multi user systems as > anything operating in a chrooted directory is locked out of the rest > of the system. chroot is part of GNU core utilities: * OK > <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#chroot-invocation> > the wikipedia article has some basic information, so you may want to > look there also. If you use Debian (and maybe Ubuntu), someone put up > a tutorial on the debian wiki that includes includes installation of > debootstrap: > <http://wiki.debian.org/chroot> <-when they say "building a 'chroot' > in that tutorial, they are actually talking about making a fairly > minimal working OS inside of the directory you want to set as a root. > This is a good place to play around with compiling. :) * OK > > 3) You could also use dpkg to set an installation location of a .deb > package. I do not think APT or aptitude can do this, and I know > nothing about YUM or RPM. But there are three options in dpkg that > allow one to set / specify an install location that I have looked at > before ; '--admindir=dir', 'instdir=dir', and '--root=dir' (where > 'dir' is you directory path I believe) * OK > > dpkg is a command line program to manage Debian packages, which are > also found in at least Linux Mint and Ubuntu... > <------dpkg manual page excerpt----> > --admindir=dir > Change default administrative directory, which contains > many files that give information about status of > installed or uninstalled packages, etc. (Defaults to > /var/lib/dpkg) > --instdir=dir > Change default installation directory which refers to the > directory where packages are to be installed. instdir is > also the directory passed to chroot(2) before running > package’s installation scripts, which means that the > scripts see instdir as a root directory. (Defaults to /) > > --root=dir > Changing root changes instdir to dir and admindir to > dir/var/lib/dpkg. > > <--end excerpt---> > > The above makes me think that it you use '--root=dir' during an > install command and /dir/var/lib/dpkg exists because you previously > copied your libriaries there, you could install a different version of > a program without having dpkg destroy or bother the other program and > or its dependencies. But unless I am not understanding (and that is > not a stretch), /dir needs to have a workable system setup as above in > "2)". I've never tried to install with these options before so can't > really comment. I've seen people complain about dpkg just in general > as well, but I've not used it enough to break something yet I suppose. > > 4) There are probably other ways to have a certain program installed > twice and also working, such as editing the configuration files before > compiling it, or building the packages yourself, but I know even less > about that. > > Well what I intended to be a quick reply got awful long. I do hope you > find some of the above links or explanation useful. I'll be glad if > anyone comes along to expand, clarify, or correct any of what I have > put above. * Thank You very much. I ll print it and study it. I have learned a lot about the construction of Linux. Here are questions: What browsers does exist: I know arora midori chrome chromium firefox iceweasel opera epiphany Are there more? I am looking for an easy one for easy homepages. All have their problems but Ff is best. 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