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Intel 29-01-2000
/(in)-tail/ ou /in-tail/ tm. sg. m. [CORP][TM] INTegrated ELectronics. fondeur de puces �lectroniques (pas des petites beb�tes, �videmment), et plus particuli�rement de processeurs centraux, en plus des chipsets et des coprocesseurs. Fond� en 1968 par Gordon Moore (voir loi de Moore), Andy Grove et Bob Noyce. Les puces les plus connues d'Intel sont la s�rie des x86 (voir 8086, 186, 286, 386, 486), le Pentium, le Pentium Pro, le Pentium II et le Pentium III. Connu aussi pour ses slogans
fut�s : � Intel Outside � ou � Intel inside, never divide �. Voir � ce sujet
Pentium, 586.
Sous la pression de la
concurrence de Cyrix, Intel a fini par se r�soudre � baisser ses prix de fa�on
spectaculaire � partir de fin 1997, puis � effectuer un retournement strat�gique
en s'orientant non plus vers le � toujours plus haut � mais vers l'immense
march� de l'entr�e de gamme des PC (les moins de 1000 $) dont la rentr�e de
septembre 1998 en France a d�montr� la viguer avec 47000 PC vendus par les
hypermarch�s en 3 semaines, selon le cabinet GfK (pr�cis� par � Herv�
Delemarre).
Quelques dates
:
1968. Cr�ation de la soci�t�. 1971. Premier processeur, le 4004 (2300
transistors).
1978. 8086, processeur 16 bits.
1982. IBM choisit Intel pour �quiper ses
micros.
1985. Lancement du 386.
1996. CA de 20 milliards de dollars. Lancement du
Pentium Pro (5,5 millions de transistors).
Pots aconseguir informaci� suplement�ria a: http://www.linux-france.org/prj/jargonf/I/Intel.html
Intel Processors, the
History
To most people their first choice of processor would be an Intel processor. The PC market leader has an impressive range of processors covering the basic PC with the Celeron, through to the server & workstation machine with the Pentium II Xeon. Here is a history of how Intel built up it's large market position. Intel was one of the pioneering Microprocessor manufacturers when it created the 4004 processor in 1971. This was followed by the 8080 processor in the late 70's, which was developed into the 8086 and 8088 processors in 1979. It was only when, in 1981 IBM selected the 8086 processor for its new Personal Computer, the IBM PC, did the Intel processor design gain its opportunity to be used widely. The Intel 8086/8088 range of processors were based
upon Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) which allows the number of bytes
per instruction to vary according to the instruction being processed. This is
unlike Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) which has fixed length
instructions (typically set at 32 bits each). The architechture pioneered by
Intel has become known as "x86" due to the early naming system where processors
were called 8086, 80186 (not used in PC's), 80286, 80386, and 80486.
In 1982 Intel introduced the 80286 (or 286)
processor. This featured significant enhancements over the 8086/8088 line,
mainly by introducing protected mode and the ability to address up to 16
megabytes of memory. The 286 processor was used in the IBM XT range.
1985 saw the introduction of the 80386 (or 386),
which was the first processor to use 32 bit addressing, allowing it to utilise
up to 4 Gigabytes of memory. A cut down version of the 386 known as the 386SX
was introduced which had a lower memory throughput, as it could only access 16
megabytes of memory. The 386 processor was manufactured in many different
versions and ran at speeds from 16 Mhz through to 40 Mhz.
The 80486 processor family was introduced in 1989.
It featured little enhancements over than the 386 other than the fact that it
had more transistors and could run at higher clock speeds. Like its predecessor
the 386, the 486 was offered in budget (486 SX, minus the math co-processor) and
standard (486 DX) versions. The 486 initially ran at clock speeds of 25 MHz (SX
only) and 33 MHz. As it was developed the 486 was enhanced with a clock doubled
processor core (486 DX-2) allowing it to run at speeds of 50, 66 and 75 MHz, and
then tripled (DX-4) which ran up to 100 MHz.
1993 saw the introduction of the Pentium processor,
first at speeds of 60 and 66 MHz. This was the first Intel processor not to use
the x86 naming system. This processor was enhanced with MMX instructions in
January 1997 and ran up to speeds of 233 Mhz.
Intel's 6th generation processor was introduced as
the Pentium Pro in 1995. This ran at speeds of 166, 180 and 200 MHz. What was
significant was the integration of the processors 2nd level cache memory onto
the processor module itself. This processor was enhanced with MMX instructions
in 1997 with its development into the Pentium II. This marked a departure for
Intel as it moved away from the old socket method of mounting processors with
the introduction of Slot 1. The Pentium II runs at speeds from 233 to 450 MHz.
1998 saw the development of this familiy into the Celeron and Xeon families for
the budget and server/workstation markets respectively.
Pots aconseguir informaci� suplement�ria a http://www.processor-emporium.co.uk/Intelhistory.htm
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- Fw: [Internauta] ordre processadors Josep M. Closa
- [Internauta] ordre processadors Esteve Valent�
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- Re: [Internauta] ordre processadors Esteve Valent�
- [Internauta] windows 2000 Josep M. Closa
- [Internauta] windows 2000 Manuel Juli�
- Re: [Internauta] ordre processa... Francesc Gar� Lleix�
