why would the following result in duplicate log messages?

[tony kerz]

log4j 1.3alpha8

----------------------------------------
TestLog.java:
----------------------------------------

package com.kerz.test;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class TestLog
{
 private static Logger s_log = Logger.getLogger(TestLog.class);

 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
   s_log.debug("log4j!");
 }
}

----------------------------------------
log4j.xml:
----------------------------------------

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j='http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/'>

 <appender
   name="STDOUT"
   class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
   <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
     <param
       name="ConversionPattern"
       value="%d %-5p [%t] %C{2} (%F:%L) - %m%n" />
   </layout>
 </appender>

 <logger name="com.kerz.test.TestLog">
   <level value="debug" />
   <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
 </logger>

 <root>
   <level value="error" />
   <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
 </root>

</log4j:configuration>

----------------------------------------
console:
----------------------------------------

2006-06-01 01:04:36,937 DEBUG [main] test.TestLog (TestLog.java:23) - log4j!
2006-06-01 01:04:36,937 DEBUG [main] test.TestLog (TestLog.java:23) - log4j!

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