In the past, non-practicing entities (NPEs) - firms that license
patents without producing goods - have facilitated technology markets
and increased rents for small inventors. Is this also true for today’s
NPEs? Or are they “patent trolls” who opportunistically litigate over
software patents with unpredictable boundaries? Using stock market
event studies around patent lawsuit filings, we find that NPE lawsuits
are associated with half a trillion dollars of lost wealth to
defendants from 1990 through 2010, mostly from technology companies.
Moreover, very little of this loss represents a transfer to small
inventors. Instead, it implies reduced innovation incentives.

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1930272
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