I'm an experienced Debian and GNU/Linux user. Last night I was trying to
get my "torrent" container working after the upgrade to Debian Wheezy.
The contents of /lxc/torrent, which contained the directory hierarchy of
the "torrent" container with the help of AUFS, were deleted at some
point during the proceedings, and I can't figure out why. Is it possible
`lxc-destroy -n torrent' or `lxc-execute -n torrent' could have caused
these files to be deleted? Is a catastrophic malfunction of AUFS a
possibility? I *definitely* never called `rm', particularly not with any
wildcards.
I never plan to do this complicated AUFS setup again for a container,
but to summarize:
/lxc/base - hierarchy common to all containers
/lxc/torrent_rw - differences between /lxc/torrent and /lxc/base are
stored here
/lxc/torrent - root of container "torrent"'s hierarchy (contents
mysteriously deleted)
The system is 3.2.0-4-kirkwood #1 Debian 3.2.46-1
A transcript of my entire session is attached. I have clearly noted
where I "snipped" output from the file, but nothing relevant has been
changed.
--James
root@assange:/lxc/torrent/var/lib/transmission-daemon/downloads# lxc-start -n
torrent
lxc-start: no configuration file for '/sbin/init' (may crash the host)
root@assange:/lxc/torrent/var/lib/transmission-daemon/downloads# cd /etc/lxc
root@assange:/etc/lxc# ls
auto base.conf~ proxy.conf torrent.conf~ www.conf~
base.conf debconf torrent.conf www.conf
root@assange:/etc/lxc# lxc-create -n torrent -f /etc/lxc/torrent.conf
'torrent' already exists
root@assange:/etc/lxc# lxc-destroy -n torrent
^C
root@assange:/etc/lxc#
root@assange:/etc/lxc#
root@assange:/etc/lxc#
root@assange:/etc/lxc# lxc-create -n torrent -f /etc/lxc/torrent.conf
'torrent' already exists
root@assange:/etc/lxc# ls
auto base.conf~ proxy.conf torrent.conf~ www.conf~
base.conf debconf torrent.conf www.conf
root@assange:/etc/lxc# cd /lxc
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls -R torrent_rw
<Recursive file listing, proof that the files existed at this point>
root@assange:/lxc#
root@assange:/lxc# apropos lxc
lxc (1) - convenience Wrapper for LXC programs
lxc (7) - linux containers
lxc-attach (1) - start a process inside a running container.
lxc-cgroup (1) - manage the control group associated with a container
lxc-checkpoint (1) - checkpoint a running container (not implemented yet)
lxc-console (1) - Launch a console for the specified container
lxc-create (1) - creates a container
lxc-debconf (1) - LXC template to create Debian and Debian based containers
lxc-destroy (1) - destroy a container.
lxc-execute (1) - run an application inside a container.
lxc-freeze (1) - freeze all the container's processes
lxc-halt (1) - shutdown Linux Containers by state
lxc-kill (1) - Send a signal to the process 1 of the container.
lxc-list (1) - list Linux Containers by state
lxc-ls (1) - list the containers existing on the system
lxc-monitor (1) - monitor the container state
lxc-ps (1) - list the processes belonging to a specific container.
lxc-restart (1) - restart a container from a file (not implemented yet)
lxc-shutdown (1) - shutdown Linux Containers by state
lxc-start (1) - run an application inside a container.
lxc-stop (1) - stop the application running inside a container
lxc-unfreeze (1) - thaw all the container's processes
lxc-wait (1) - wait for a specific container state
lxc.conf (5) - linux container configuration file
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-destroy -n torrent
rm: cannot remove `/var/lib/lxc/torrent': Device or resource busy
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-check
lxc-checkconfig lxc-checkpoint
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-check
lxc-checkconfig lxc-checkpoint
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-checkconfig
Kernel config /proc/config.gz not found, looking in other places...
Found kernel config file /boot/config-3.2.0-4-kirkwood
--- Namespaces ---
Namespaces: enabled
Utsname namespace: enabled
Ipc namespace: enabled
Pid namespace: enabled
User namespace: enabled
Network namespace: enabled
Multiple /dev/pts instances: enabled
--- Control groups ---
Cgroup: enabled
Cgroup clone_children flag: enabled
Cgroup device: enabled
Cgroup sched: enabled
Cgroup cpu account: enabled
Cgroup memory controller: enabled
--- Misc ---
Veth pair device: enabled
Macvlan: enabled
Vlan: enabled
File capabilities: enabled
Note : Before booting a new kernel, you can check its configuration
usage : CONFIG=/path/to/config /usr/bin/lxc-checkconfig
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-
lxc-attach lxc-destroy lxc-monitor lxc-start
lxc-backup lxc-execute lxc-netstat lxc-stop
lxc-cgroup lxc-freeze lxc-ps lxc-unfreeze
lxc-checkconfig lxc-halt lxc-restart lxc-unshare
lxc-checkpoint lxc-info lxc-restore lxc-version
lxc-clone lxc-kill lxc-setcap lxc-wait
lxc-console lxc-list lxc-setuid
lxc-create lxc-ls lxc-shutdown
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-info -n torrent
state: STOPPED
pid: -1
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-execute -n torrent
lxc-execute: missing command to execute !
lxc-execute: could not parse command line
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-ls
base
torrent
torrent_rw
www
www_apt
www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-status
-bash: lxc-status: command not found
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-list
RUNNING
FROZEN
STOPPED
base
torrent
torrent_rw
www
www_apt
www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-start -n torrent
lxc-start: no configuration file for '/sbin/init' (may crash the host)
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent/sbin
ls: cannot access torrent/sbin: No such file or directory
root@assange:/lxc# ls base/sbin/
agetty fsck.ext4dev mke2fs rtacct
badblocks fsck.minix mkfs rtmon
blkid fsck.nfs mkfs.bfs runlevel
blockdev fstab-decode mkfs.cramfs sfdisk
bootlogd getty mkfs.ext2 shadowconfig
cfdisk halt mkfs.ext3 shutdown
ctrlaltdel hwclock mkfs.ext4 slattach
debugfs ifconfig mkfs.ext4dev ss
dhclient ifdown mkfs.minix startpar
dhclient-script ifup mkhomedir_helper start-stop-daemon
dumpe2fs init mkswap sulogin
e2fsck insserv nameif swapoff
e2image installkernel pam_tally swapon
e2label ip pam_tally2 switch_root
e2undo ipmaddr pivot_root tc
fdisk iptunnel plipconfig telinit
findfs isosize poweroff tune2fs
fsck killall5 rarp unix_chkpwd
fsck.cramfs ldconfig raw unix_update
fsck.ext2 logsave reboot wipefs
fsck.ext3 losetup resize2fs
fsck.ext4 mii-tool route
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# mount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# mount /lxc/www
root@assange:/lxc# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts
(rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755)
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> on / type ext2 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k)
/dev/mmcblk0p1 on /boot type ext2 (rw,noatime,errors=continue)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
none on /cgroup type cgroup
(rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset)
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc on /lxc type ext3
(rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered)
none on /lxc/www type aufs (rw,relatime,si=35ee380c)
none on /lxc/torrent type aufs (rw,relatime,si=35ee3c0c)
tmpfs on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755)
tmpfs on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
none on /lxc/torrent type aufs (rw,relatime,si=34c63e0c)
none on /lxc/www type aufs (rw,relatime,si=3420b40c)
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent/sbin
ls: cannot access torrent/sbin: No such file or directory
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# mount -a
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent_rw/
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/www
root@assange:/lxc# ls www
bin dev home media opt root selinux sys usr
boot etc lib mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc-torrent
umount: /lxc-torrent: not found
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
proc
root@assange:/lxc# less /etc/lxc/torrent.conf
root@assange:/lxc# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts
(rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755)
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> on / type ext2 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k)
/dev/mmcblk0p1 on /boot type ext2 (rw,noatime,errors=continue)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
none on /cgroup type cgroup
(rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset)
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc on /lxc type ext3
(rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered)
none on /lxc/www type aufs (rw,relatime,si=35ee380c)
tmpfs on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755)
tmpfs on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
root@assange:/lxc# ls www
bin dev home media opt root selinux sys usr
boot etc lib mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
proc
root@assange:/lxc# mount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts
(rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755)
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> on / type ext2 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k)
/dev/mmcblk0p1 on /boot type ext2 (rw,noatime,errors=continue)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
none on /cgroup type cgroup
(rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset)
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc on /lxc type ext3
(rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered)
none on /lxc/www type aufs (rw,relatime,si=35ee380c)
tmpfs on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755)
tmpfs on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
none on /lxc/torrent type aufs (rw,relatime,si=34c62c0c)
root@assange:/lxc# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> / ext2 rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
tmpfs /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
none /cgroup cgroup
rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset 0 0
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc /lxc ext3
rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /lxc/www aufs rw,relatime,si=35ee380c 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
rpc_pipefs /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
none /lxc/torrent aufs rw,relatime,si=34c62c0c 0 0
root@assange:/lxc# ls /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls base
bin dev home media opt root selinux sys usr
boot etc lib mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
root@assange:/lxc# shutdown -r now
Broadcast message from root@assange (pts/0) (Sat Sep 21 20:25:47 2013):
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
root@assange:/lxc# Connection to assange closed by remote host.
Connection to assange closed.
jcrofts@V:~$ ssh root@assange
Linux assange 3.2.0-4-kirkwood #1 Debian 3.2.46-1 armv5tel
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Sat Sep 21 18:31:52 2013 from <CENSORED>
root@assange:~# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> / ext2 rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
tmpfs /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
none /cgroup cgroup
rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset 0 0
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc /lxc ext3
rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /lxc/www aufs rw,relatime,si=80f5f356 0 0
none /lxc/torrent aufs rw,relatime,si=80f5f756 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
rpc_pipefs /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
root@assange:~# ls /lxc/torrent
root@assange:~# ls /lxc/www
bin dev home media opt root selinux sys usr
boot etc lib mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
root@assange:~# ls www_rw
ls: cannot access www_rw: No such file or directory
root@assange:~# cd /lxc
root@assange:/lxc# ls www_rw
bin dev etc lib root sbin usr var
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> / ext2 rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
tmpfs /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
none /cgroup cgroup
rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset 0 0
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc /lxc ext3
rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /lxc/www aufs rw,relatime,si=80f5f356 0 0
none /lxc/torrent aufs rw,relatime,si=80f5f756 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
rpc_pipefs /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls www
bin dev home media opt root selinux sys usr
boot etc lib mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> / ext2 rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
tmpfs /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
none /cgroup cgroup
rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset 0 0
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc /lxc ext3
rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /lxc/www aufs rw,relatime,si=80f5f356 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
rpc_pipefs /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
root@assange:/lxc# mount -t aufs /lxc/torrent -o
rw,br:/lxc/torrent_rw=rw:/lxc/base=ro
Usage: mount -V : print version
mount -h : print this help
mount : list mounted filesystems
mount -l : idem, including volume labels
So far the informational part. Next the mounting.
The command is `mount [-t fstype] something somewhere'.
Details found in /etc/fstab may be omitted.
mount -a [-t|-O] ... : mount all stuff from /etc/fstab
mount device : mount device at the known place
mount directory : mount known device here
mount -t type dev dir : ordinary mount command
Note that one does not really mount a device, one mounts
a filesystem (of the given type) found on the device.
One can also mount an already visible directory tree elsewhere:
mount --bind olddir newdir
or move a subtree:
mount --move olddir newdir
One can change the type of mount containing the directory dir:
mount --make-shared dir
mount --make-slave dir
mount --make-private dir
mount --make-unbindable dir
One can change the type of all the mounts in a mount subtree
containing the directory dir:
mount --make-rshared dir
mount --make-rslave dir
mount --make-rprivate dir
mount --make-runbindable dir
A device can be given by name, say /dev/hda1 or /dev/cdrom,
or by label, using -L label or by uuid, using -U uuid .
Other options: [-nfFrsvw] [-o options] [-p passwdfd].
For many more details, say man 8 mount .
root@assange:/lxc# mount -t aufs none /lxc/torrent -o
rw,br:/lxc/torrent_rw=rw:/lxc/base=ro
root@assange:/lxc# cat /proc/mounts
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=63391,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/<CENSORED> / ext2 rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
tmpfs /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=103020k 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot ext2 rw,noatime,errors=continue 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
none /cgroup cgroup
rw,relatime,perf_event,blkio,net_cls,freezer,devices,cpuacct,cpu,cpuset 0 0
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc /lxc ext3
rw,relatime,errors=continue,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /lxc/www aufs rw,relatime,si=80f5f356 0 0
tmpfs /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=51516k,mode=755 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k 0 0
rpc_pipefs /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
none /lxc/torrent aufs rw,relatime,si=81dc6f56 0 0
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
root@assange:/lxc# cd torrent
root@assange:/lxc/torrent# ls
root@assange:/lxc/torrent# cd ../
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# touch torrent/test_file_
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent_rw
test_file_
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/torrent
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
proc
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent_rw
test_file_
root@assange:/lxc# lxc-info -n torrent
state: STOPPED
pid: -1
root@assange:/lxc# man lxc-destroy
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/www
root@assange:/lxc# umount /lxc/torrent
umount: /lxc/torrent: not mounted
root@assange:/lxc# cd /
root@assange:/# umount /lxc
root@assange:/# fsck /dev/mapper/
control plug_storage-lxc
root@assange:/# fsck -f -p /dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
/dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc: 27695/3932160 files (0.1% non-contiguous),
582721/15728640 blocks
root@assange:/# mount /dev/mapper/plug_storage-lxc /lxc -o,ro
root@assange:/# cd /lxc
root@assange:/lxc# ls
base lost+found torrent torrent_rw www www_apt www_rw
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent
proc
root@assange:/lxc# ls torrent_rw
test_file_
root@assange:/lxc# ls
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