Iain I have used Lyx to write a provisional patent. I've attached a very brief example of how you can do it. You will need lineno.sty, see http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/lineno.html I don't know how this package will go with two column mode though. Ben > ------- Start of forwarded message ------- > Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 10:31:46 +0200 > Message-Id: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Feedback from www.lyx.org > FROM: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > > Iain McClatchie ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) entered the > following feedback message on the LyX home page: > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > I am writing patents and would like a Patent document type: two > columns, with every fifth line numbered down the center. There are > millions of examples of the format on the IBM patent server page: > http://patent.womplex.ibm.com > > Ideally, in the claims section at the end, I would be able to write > \"the logic circuit of claim <link>\", where <link> pointed to an > earlier claim, and when my claims were renumbered due to edits all > these links would be changed... > > I\'m drawing my figures in \"xfig\", and it would be quite useful if > some similar sort of <link> could be arranged with the drawings to > eliminate much of the renumbering due to edits there. > > I have no LaTex or Lyx expertise, but I am willing to pay for such > a package so long as it is integrated into the main Lyx distribution. > I am also quite willing to help debug such a package. > > Whom do I contact about such services? I\'d like someone to tell > me roughly how big a job this is before I commit money. > > ------- End of forwarded message ------- -- _________________________________________ Ben Cazzolato Fluid Dynamics and Acoustics Group Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED], or [EMAIL PROTECTED], or [EMAIL PROTECTED], or Work: +44 (0)1703 594 967 Fax: +44 (0)1703 593 190 Mobile: +44 (0)790 163 8826 Web Page : http://www.soton.ac.uk/~bscazz/ _________________________________________
#LyX 1.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 2.15 \textclass article \begin_preamble % Use the line numbering package. \usepackage{lineno} % Turn on line numbers \linenumbers % Set it to every 5 pages \modulolinenumbers[5] % Reset at eqach new page \setpagewiselinenumbers \end_preamble \language default \inputencoding default \fontscheme times \graphics default \float_placement hbtp \paperfontsize 12 \spacing single \papersize a4paper \paperpackage a4 \use_geometry 1 \use_amsmath 0 \paperorientation portrait \leftmargin 25mm \topmargin 25mm \rightmargin 25mm \bottommargin 25mm \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \defskip medskip \quotes_language english \quotes_times 2 \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle plain \layout Section* A virtual energy density sensor for active noise control \layout Standard This invention relates to a new type of sensor for active noise control systems. In most conventional active noise control systems microphones are used as pressure error sensors. These tend to lead to poor global control in heavily damped enclosures, but they do tend to produce small, well controlled regions at the sensor. As an alternative to minimising pressures at the microphone locations, it is possible to control energy density. This has been shown to produce a broader zone of local control, but still localised to the actual transducers. \layout Standard The invention which is the subject of this document has the advantage that it it can sense, and therefore control, energy density at any location near to the actual transducers. The advantage of this approach is that the bulky transducer arrangement used to sense energy density is moved away from the desired control location (typically a passengers head). The way this is achieved is by using a 7-microphone transducer arrangement for three-dimensional sound fields (or 3-microphone transducer for one-dimensio nal sound fields). Figure \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{fig:virtual ed sensor} \end_inset shows a typical physical arrangement of the three-dimensional virtual energy density sensor. \layout Standard \begin_float fig \layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Figure size 100 100 flags 9 \end_inset \layout Caption \begin_inset LatexCommand \label{fig:virtual ed sensor} \end_inset Transducer locations of the three-dimensional virtual energy density sensor for active noise control. \end_float \layout Standard Conventional energy density sensors calculate the energy density at the geometric centre of the transducers. In this invention, a forward difference approximation is used to estimate the energy density at some distance \begin_inset Formula \( x'=[h_{x},h_{y},h_{z}] \) \end_inset from the geometric centre \begin_inset Formula \( O=[0,0,0] \) \end_inset . The acoustic energy density is comprised of the sum of the acoustic potential energy and the acoustic kinetic energy and is calculated from the acoustic pressure and particle velocity. \layout Standard The time-averaged energy density at the point \begin_inset Formula \( x' \) \end_inset is given by \layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} \label{eqn-ED:time-averaged-ED} \bar{E}_{D}(x')=\frac{1}{4\rho c^{2}}[p^{2}(x')+\rho ^{2}c^{2}v^{2}(x')] \end{equation} \end_inset where \begin_inset Formula \( \rho \) \end_inset is the density of the fluid (air), \begin_inset Formula \( c \) \end_inset is the speed of sound in the fluid (air), \begin_inset Formula \( p \) \end_inset is the sound pressure and \begin_inset Formula \( v \) \end_inset is the particle velocity. For the system shown in Figure \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{fig:virtual ed sensor} \end_inset , the pressure estimate at some location \begin_inset Formula \( x'=[h_{x},h_{y},h_{z}] \) \end_inset is given by \layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} \label{eqn:pressure-3mic} p_{x}'\approx p_{0}+\Delta p_{x}+\Delta p_{y}+\Delta p_{z} \end{equation} \end_inset where \begin_inset Formula \( p_{0} \) \end_inset is the pressure at the geometric centre of the sensor and \layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} \Delta p_{x} & = & \frac{h_{x}}{h^{2}}\left[ \frac{h_{x}-h}{2}p_{x_{1}}-h_{x}p_{0}+\frac{h_{x}+h}{2}p_{x_{2}}\right] \nonumber \\ \Delta p_{y} & = & \frac{h_{y}}{h^{2}}\left[ \frac{h_{y}-h}{2}p_{y_{1}}-h_{y}p_{0}+\frac{h_{y}+h}{2}p_{y_{2}}\right] \nonumber \\ \Delta p_{z} & = & \frac{h_{z}}{h^{2}}\left[ \frac{h_{z}-h}{2}p_{z_{1}}-h_{z}p_{0}+\frac{h_{z}+h}{2}p_{z_{2}}\right] \end{eqnarray} \end_inset where \begin_inset Formula \( h \) \end_inset is the spacing between microphone elements. The optimum spacing is a function of the wavelength of the sound field. In practice the acoustic particle velocity is estimated via the pressure gradient between closely space microphones using the following expression \layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} v_{x}(x') & \approx & \frac{1}{j\rho \omega }\frac{\partial p_{x'}}{\partial x}\nonumber \\ v_{y}(x') & \approx & \frac{1}{j\rho \omega }\frac{\partial p_{x'}}{\partial y}\nonumber \\ v_{z}(x') & \approx & \frac{1}{j\rho \omega }\frac{\partial p_{x'}}{\partial z} \end{eqnarray} \end_inset \layout Standard For the seven-microphone sensor arrangement shown in Figure 1, the pressure gradient estimate comes from differentiating Equation ( \begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{eqn:pressure-3mic} \end_inset ), ie \layout Standard \begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} \frac{\partial p_{x'}}{\partial x} & \approx & \frac{1}{h^{2}}\left[ \frac{2h_{x}-h}{2}p_{x_{1}}-2h_{x}p_{0}+\frac{2h_{x}+h}{2}p_{x_{2}}\right] \nonumber \\ \frac{\partial p_{x'}}{\partial y} & \approx & \frac{1}{h^{2}}\left[ \frac{2h_{y}-h}{2}p_{y_{1}}-2h_{y}p_{0}+\frac{2h_{y}+h}{2}p_{y_{2}}\right] \nonumber \\ \frac{\partial p_{x'}}{\partial z} & \approx & \frac{1}{h^{2}}\left[ \frac{2h_{z}-h}{2}p_{z_{1}}-2h_{z}p_{0}+\frac{2h_{z}+h}{2}p_{z_{2}}\right] \end{eqnarray} \end_inset \layout Standard It has been shown theoretically that this approach leads to significant local control at the desired control location (namely \begin_inset Formula \( x' \) \end_inset ) and not at the actual transducer locations as per the conventional energy density sensor. The desired control location may be fixed, thereby fixing the expressions used to derive the energy density estimate, or the desired control location may be input as a variable. Such a system would encompass a proximity sensor to track the desired control location, for example an ultra-sonic sensor following a passengers head. This would have the additional advantage that the cost function for the controller would always produce local control at the passengers head. \layout Standard The hardware of three-dimensional virtual energy density sensor would be comprised of seven phase-matched microphones connected to a circuit board which would calculate and output the pressure and particle velocity at the virtual location in real time. The electronics of the circuit board may be either analog or digital. \layout Section* \pagebreak_top Abstract \layout Standard A virtual energy density sensor for active noise control applications is disclosed. The device is a three-axis energy density sensor capable of estimating the energy density at a point distant from the physical transducers that form the sensor. When used in an active noise control system the device overcomes the inconvenie nce of physical sensor locations resulting in a controlled sound field containin g no physical sensors. \the_end
