Hi Boraz,
Start by reading section 5.2 of Help > Customization. Then I would suggest looking at a couple of layout files, first something simple like the basic article class (article.layout) and then a thesis-type layout file. The layout files are located in a folder (cleverly named 'layouts') beneath the installation directory for LyX. If you're not sure where that is, try Help > About LyX and look for the "Library directory" path near the bottom. Layout files are plain text, so you can view them in your favorite text editor. Some of them import other files (.inc extension).

You will also need a LaTeX class for your new document type. If you don't have a custom LaTeX class, shop around for a standard class that supports the various types of environment you need.
In addition to this excellent advice, I would take a look at the series of articles by Steve Litt (http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/lyx/surefire_layout.htm and http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/lyx/lyx_latex_tex.htm). I've also written a series of articles that may be helpful. You can find a full list of the LyX articles at:

http://blog.oak-tree.us/index.php/writing/latex

Additionally, there are links to a few custom document classes I maintain which also have layout files that might serve as examples. You might start by looking at the texMemo layout file. It is straightforward, but at the same time, includes examples of how to do character/paragraph styles in addition to custom insets.

If you have any questions, don't hesitate to write back to the list. Most of the people here are very nice (I might be the one major exception) and are willing to help.

Cheers,

Rob

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