So I have a bunch of domains (about 20) that I use for mail. I run my own mail server, and keep the OS and the MTA software up to date. All of my domains have SPF and DKIM setup properly.
None of my domains send spam. Most of my domains are used for small mailing lists of various sorts. I host three domains for religious organizations. One or two of those are fairly large (~400 recipients), but most are about 10-20 people. I have a couple of domains that I use for technical discussion lists. I've never had any deliverability problems for any domain until a few months ago... So I have one domain that I use for my wife's family. Let's call it family.example.org. I have 6 lists on family.example.org. The largest of these have 7 people on it, the rest are about 3-4 people. The 7 member list is the main one we use to keep in touch with my wife's family. Of the 7 members, 6 have GMail accounts, and the 7th is me, it is my personal email, using my own domain. A few months ago, I found that whenever I sent email from my personal email address from my own domain, to this list, GMail would block it. Here is the message I saw in the mail logs: *Feb 13 16:59:35 MAILSERVER.COM <http://MAILSERVER.COM> postfix/smtp[50738]: F12BC497E6B: host gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com <http://gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com>[64.233.160.26] said: 421-4.7.0 [IPADDRESS 15] Our system has detected an unusual rate of 421-4.7.0 unsolicited mail originating from your IP address. To protect our 421-4.7.0 users from spam, mail sent from your IP address has been temporarily 421-4.7.0 rate limited. Please visit 421-4.7.0 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=UnsolicitedRateLimitError <https://support.google.com/mail/?p=UnsolicitedRateLimitError> to 421 4.7.0 review our Bulk Email Senders Guidelines. xxxxx.53 - gsmtp (in reply to end of DATA command)* Here is the message formatted for readability: *Our system has detected an unusual rate of unsolicited mail originating from your IP address. To protect our users from spam, mail sent from your IP address has been temporarily rate limited. Please visit https://support.google.com/mail/?p=UnsolicitedRateLimitError <https://support.google.com/mail/?p=UnsolicitedRateLimitError> to review our Bulk Email Senders Guidelines.* The message sits like that in my queue for a couple of days, my MTA tries every so often to deliver it and gets this same error, and after a few days, I get a bounce message. So when I started receiving this message, I did two things. I added DKIM records to all my domains (at the time, I only had SPF). I also added all my domains as verified domains to Google's Postmaster Tools page. I have still not been able to resolve this problem. Here is the interesting (weird?) part: This only happens when I send from my personal email address, using my own domain. And it only happens when I send to that one list on that one domain. When people send to it from another address, the mailing list is able to distribute it to GMail just fine. When I send to another list on that same domain, it gets delivered fine. I need to mention that this is a really small list. I have other lists on other domains that have ~400 people on it (of those, 250 are GMail addresses) that has never had a problem with deliverability. I can email GMail addresses individually just fine. I can email other lists with GMail addresess on it, just fine. Google's Postmaster Tools has not been helpful. None of my domains apparently send in any volume that gives me feedback. For all my domains, I get the message: "No data to display at this time. Please come back later." I'm not sure what to do at this point for this one list. It is a minor annoyance. I can send from a GMail account, but I'd rather not. Any suggestions? *tl;dr: GMail deliverability issues happening: 1. on one particular domain, 2. on one particular list on that domain, 3. for messages sent from my personal domain.*
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