> You can also see that the bodyhash (bh=) in the AMS and DKIM headers is
all the same, so the body itself didn't change?
No, the email body did not change.

> Note that although ARC from gmail to gmail can be used to bypass a DKIM
failure, that's not what's happening here.
Yes, here it looks like if Gmail sees ARC (Gmail to Gmail) headers, it
trusts them completely:
- it ignores SPF permerror:
spf=permerror (google.com: permanent error in processing during lookup of
[email protected]: host.universidadebrasil.email
not found) [email protected]
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
Received: from lingojam.com ([212.83.129.110])
- ignores DNS/rDNS mismatch: rDNS for IP 212.83.129.110:
nelson-montoya.painmitigate.com, no A record.
- somehow thinks that the initial sending domain (sendersrv.com) should be
blamed, even though none of the intermediate IP addresses fall into
original domain's SPF, which contains -all
- and delivers spam to the inbox, no less.

> A replay attack is the most likely explanation, yes.
It's a replay attack, but more sophisticated and dangerous due to use of
Gmail-Gmail ARC headers technique.

We have since rotated our DKIM keys, added oversigning of From:To:Subject
headers 2 times, but I'm not sure that will be enough.
Could you or someone at Google take a closer look at this? We would be
happy to provide any data you need.


Best,
[image: Sender] Edgar Vaitkevičius, founder / CEO
[email protected]




On Tue, Feb 1, 2022 at 2:52 AM Brandon Long <[email protected]> wrote:

>
>
> On Sun, Jan 30, 2022 at 4:21 AM Edgaras | SENDER via mailop <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>> Hello,
>>
>> We noticed in Google Postmaster Tools a lot of bad reputation IPs which
>> do not belong to us, and are actually forbidden from sending emails on our
>>  behalf via SPF -all, yet Gmail thinks the messages from these IPs were
>> fully authenticated.
>>
>> After investigating some reports, it looks like a DKIM replay attack,
>> where Gmail does not validate the original DKIM signature (which includes
>> Message-ID:Reply-To:To: fields), and even ignores SPF permerror, if the
>> message contains ARC headers.
>>
>> Full headers below, any insights or suggestions would be appreciated:
>>
>>
>> Delivered-To: [email protected]
>> Received: by 2002:ab0:340c:0:0:0:0:0 with SMTP id z12csp1291860uap;
>>         Fri, 28 Jan 2022 15:34:21 -0800 (PST)
>> X-Google-Smtp-Source:
>> ABdhPJxGsLcEEUpdbgGs3QgR03Rr9huo0nZHyOFLB9HDsbANUeb9dkNH/PpuXMfWArmb2WtJtVZk
>> X-Received: by 2002:a17:902:cec8:: with SMTP id
>> d8mr10494650plg.98.1643412861553;
>>         Fri, 28 Jan 2022 15:34:21 -0800 (PST)
>> ARC-Seal: i=2; a=rsa-sha256; t=1643412861; cv=pass;
>>         d=google.com; s=arc-20160816;
>>
>> b=VU0Qf7i3UDk9cIk0HEQEv2hW46LmdHN1Z9UysluJsh4o1O1v5t12RrICEe8YlzFcZZ
>>
>>  UziO53/5IMPjyEVGqLIEyLq0v0Dz5B4gtR94biUHiyIVYEEbn+20dr6ONrGE/IKsYBWD
>>
>>  2pBDc/D+Ppe4rBBhwQOckw9xK9f/l+RS1sbRU1AY2sW2hqJZzjSZUe0scWUGvbwB4RZl
>>
>>  IS+F5z/T/ZLZ9s1v4JXmOoEnKu5b9oZ3XhJgc5EVYuAWJRFOrqIA7bRS8ISDJ+J/eYtJ
>>
>>  fI9gWI5UkkM6qIgY/wFngV0FifP2Yauo/ts7su9FzFmxgHJdCLioQiFy4E6EEv8qN78c
>>          YrAA==
>> ARC-Message-Signature: i=2; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com;
>> s=arc-20160816;
>>
>> h=date:date:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version:to:reply-to:from
>>          :subject:subject:message-id:dkim-signature:dkim-signature
>>          :delivered-to;
>>         bh=JYMTX3Rr+OZICy76j7DTKZeSFGH9xqoJ5IlXE//bwFY=;
>>
>> b=FdwHNKthXMrmoT3OevMII/o6PzRZR8UA6zIwTYBTTF2EA63hRW6yJVj7mQLBEyAQ6x
>>
>>  WzjOhIf9zLeqzNYraveRpGQRcXUE/PqTaKDbzhTcqPfP9g82ea9dLhHgviwerKh1IhAp
>>
>>  3dri2wT2epRaIYnzEX2gMzmt8YiYjj3sHgvDDjg4Up4W1pYPmP4zx7N0UYxihu0B7eP6
>>
>>  4igCLE8hfq1VPzWistU6uTe+HkSIupCpz8X1pQ41DcjLuwjfIsy18HXLH8yXqwyg37u5
>>
>>  +HX04rA5UlBMEOQnZhHneFGM7JrDU4Z7Yg6o/+uFkL7RfPE265N9CUS0YevgBX5D4IEY
>>          VwuA==
>> ARC-Authentication-Results: i=2; mx.google.com;
>>        dkim=temperror (no key for signature) header.i=@
>> knowledgemodish.org.uk header.s=sender header.b=heNp+Lc9;
>>        dkim=pass [email protected] header.s=smtp header.b=Ra7fdByf;
>>        arc=pass (i=1 spf=pass spfdomain=sendersrv.com dkim=pass dkdomain=
>> sendersrv.com);
>>        spf=permerror (google.com: permanent error in processing during
>> lookup of [email protected]:
>> host.universidadebrasil.email not found) smtp.mailfrom=
>> [email protected]
>> Return-Path: <[email protected]>
>> Received: from lingojam.com ([212.83.129.110])
>>         by mx.google.com with ESMTP id
>> j9si7146126plx.86.2022.01.28.15.34.21
>>         for <[email protected]>;
>>         Fri, 28 Jan 2022 15:34:21 -0800 (PST)
>> Received-SPF: permerror (google.com: permanent error in processing
>> during lookup of [email protected]:
>> host.universidadebrasil.email not found) client-ip=212.83.129.110;
>> Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
>>        dkim=temperror (no key for signature) header.i=@
>> knowledgemodish.org.uk header.s=sender header.b=heNp+Lc9;
>>        dkim=pass [email protected] header.s=smtp header.b=Ra7fdByf;
>>        arc=pass (i=1 spf=pass spfdomain=sendersrv.com dkim=pass dkdomain=
>> sendersrv.com);
>>        spf=permerror (google.com: permanent error in processing during
>> lookup of [email protected]:
>> host.universidadebrasil.email not found) smtp.mailfrom=
>> [email protected]
>>
>
> I'm confused, this says the DKIM did pass.
>
> You can also see that the bodyhash (bh=) in the AMS and DKIM headers is
> all the same, so the body itself didn't change?
>
> Note that although ARC from gmail to gmail can be used to bypass a DKIM
> failure, that's not what's happening here.
>
> A replay attack is the most likely explanation, yes.
>
> Brandon
>
>
>
>>
>> Delivered-To: [email protected]
>> Received: by 2002:a02:a14a:0:0:0:0:0 with SMTP id m10csp394823jah;
>>         Fri, 28 Jan 2022 07:31:40 -0800 (PST)
>> X-Received: by 2002:a2e:2a04:: with SMTP id
>> q4mr6116831ljq.428.1643383900388;
>>         Fri, 28 Jan 2022 07:31:40 -0800 (PST)
>> ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1643383900; cv=none;
>>         d=google.com; s=arc-20160816;
>>
>> b=Lnn5XQ1j10ikEZENe8i0XPsyPhwpp7AAaEODfKuODEjNcgDxtfjOyVE4biwI1oWuel
>>
>>  znv1YmtupI95DExnRKpyq20MVqQL9IhRrMxK/O5lrxz9u8tgwzFpq4fTh4urmZTy/dnW
>>
>>  EWvT5WZWdK0+8k5+1WRtiCiLTj5cg6VIT+vrC+1ut/X2o9bMghmgqZETCQpMGSHvcWkB
>>
>>  WN1iuiszzcHB+/v6LTtAwxJIi3UGrsmEj5IwfSOyIEljA+S2ZYKFGm/08s4ulS5nfRru
>>
>>  gFLMH+hrsAi4YyJwSDhkNegHZYYUFmB24zA2CCwss+FJSlKSRtliiVnVP2TfWbUfxxA4
>>          QD9w==
>> ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com;
>> s=arc-20160816;
>>         h=date:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version:to:reply-to:from
>>          :subject:message-id:dkim-signature:dkim-signature;
>>         bh=JYMTX3Rr+OZICy76j7DTKZeSFGH9xqoJ5IlXE//bwFY=;
>>
>> b=nkQkfmL3Wm2z/Jl6yBa1TjePKO2rjBSUPrLlpKwWItDIjX5qEAHJIY2fjQ0rDPe20F
>>
>>  OJuiHppDcLLSImVdVVW542bNQWr8bwBhI+dJJ9VFFJqvssH5Apu+f3KU1bq5hQg+GFhu
>>
>>  /Xx1Pl+I63f5TTyzqOGxS74fv2ycytsumnRvrC3SSN2TN8FAoD9eCq64y2ufcvfogmr+
>>
>>  /qQiNBxLyiCL+lJd0pau8YpyeA+MP5iVcAjIulXD9JqBfZvUiNm7Lj5l8CxNLXKcPcPR
>>
>>  dHFlMGQ1G/qMulV/2ag1OiQcT9NriqHsxgZ1N9cFnMAFdTz1470CRhx7rcRFsiI2auon
>>          IG/Q==
>> ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com;
>>        dkim=temperror (no key for signature) header.i=@
>> knowledgemodish.org.uk header.s=sender header.b=heNp+Lc9;
>>        dkim=pass [email protected] header.s=smtp header.b=Ra7fdByf;
>>        spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected]
>> designates 185.3.229.126 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=
>> [email protected]
>> Return-Path: <[email protected]>
>> Received: from mail2.sendersrv.com (mail2.sendersrv.com. [185.3.229.126])
>>         by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id
>> x14si4818800lfu.581.2022.01.28.07.31.39
>>         for <[email protected]>
>>         (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305
>> bits=256/256);
>>         Fri, 28 Jan 2022 07:31:39 -0800 (PST)
>> Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of
>> [email protected] designates 185.3.229.126 as permitted
>> sender) client-ip=185.3.229.126;
>> DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=sender; d=
>> knowledgemodish.org.uk;
>> h=Message-ID:Subject:From:Reply-To:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:
>> Content-Transfer-Encoding:Date; [email protected];
>> bh=JYMTX3Rr+OZICy76j7DTKZeSFGH9xqoJ5IlXE//bwFY=;
>> b=heNp+Lc9pjUvcl7261qiyZUMEyujFujFFM4JWbthE4qeaCwXcCD3ePFEU5I66Iy/eG/bks4nPCE1
>>
>>  tu2ijH5HuwYwBGC89rkxHXqBzSxb3taREXKm7DeIN7J/2/L2LQo6kd5opfdRABl3qQxeH6GXFmCt
>>    fQ8Q/8pQw8Z7oKFyJTQ=
>> DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=smtp; d=
>> sendersrv.com;
>> h=Message-ID:Subject:From:Reply-To:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:
>> Content-Transfer-Encoding:Date;
>> bh=JYMTX3Rr+OZICy76j7DTKZeSFGH9xqoJ5IlXE//bwFY=;
>> b=Ra7fdByfHfiOJTQl1izbL8wR7bEBsR/q3tetReHIm798TzvIW4Qgvd4Ovbfrh/qcqzzy95yUocOc
>>
>>  Y5zuge0sep0S6zsQjA/5COgoEjtx2W7RAlo59L7nlxtvyNd5zwZQ1QOX1YnnDZ5WaEnNyZboXHth
>>    OXukNXbiai1NhnJv3s4=
>> Return-Path: <[email protected]>
>> Message-ID: <[email protected]>
>> Subject: 𝟸ɴᴅ ᴀᴛᴛᴇᴍᴘᴛ: ʏᴏᴜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀ ᴡɪɴɴᴇʀ $𝟷𝟶𝟶 ᴄᴏsᴛᴄᴏ ғᴏʀ ʏᴏᴜ #16351
>> Subject: [Test Email] Costco !!
>> From: Costco Stores <[email protected]>
>> Reply-To: [email protected]
>> To: [email protected]
>> MIME-Version: 1.0
>> Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
>> Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>> Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2022 18:34:18 -0500 (EST)
>> Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2022 17:31:39 +0200
>>
>> ---------- Forwarded message ---------
>> From: Costco Stores <[email protected]>
>> Date: Fri, Jan 28, 2022 at 6:34 PM
>> Subject: 𝟸ɴᴅ ᴀᴛᴛᴇᴍᴘᴛ: ʏᴏᴜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀ ᴡɪɴɴᴇʀ $𝟷𝟶𝟶 ᴄᴏsᴛᴄᴏ ғᴏʀ ʏᴏᴜ #16351
>> To: <[email protected]>
>>
>>
>>
>> [image: Sender] Edgar Vaitkevičius, founder / CEO
>> [email protected]
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> mailop mailing list
>> [email protected]
>> https://list.mailop.org/listinfo/mailop
>>
>
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