My co-authors and I are pleased to announce the publication of the following 
paper in Marine Policy:

Comparing stakeholder perceptions with empirical outcomes from negotiated 
rulemaking policies:  Is participant satisfaction a proxy for policy success?
Sara L. McDonald, Rebecca L. Lewison, Stephen E. Roady, Randall Kramer, Deborah 
Rigling-Gallagher, and Andrew J. Read 

ABSTRACT
Evaluation of natural resource management policies often is made difficult by 
lack of robust or long-term data on the resource. In the absence of empirical 
data, natural resource policy evaluation may rely on expert or stakeholder 
perception of success as a proxy, particularly in the context of policies that 
depend on multi-stakeholder engagement or negotiated rulemaking. However, few 
formal evaluations have compared empirical ecological outcomes with stakeholder 
perception. This study compares stakeholder perceptions of policy outcomes with 
ecological outcomes from a long-term, ecological dataset as part of the  U.S. 
Marine Mammal Protection Act's Take Reduction Planning process. Structural 
Equation Models revealed that stakeholder perceptions were significantly and 
positively related to positive ecological outcomes. Also, perceived success and 
ecological performance rankings of the Take Reduction Plans were comparable for 
three of the five plans examined. This analysis sug!
 gests that for this particular policy instrument, stakeholder perception 
aligns well with ecological outcomes, and this positive relationship is likely 
the result of a commitment and support for stakeholder education and 
engagement. However, even within a single policy analysis, there was 
variability suggesting that the relationship between stakeholder perceptions 
and policy out comes must continue to be evaluated. This study suggests that 
stakeholder perception can be an accurate reflection of ecological outcomes, 
but not necessarily a predictor of them.

Citation: McDonald, S.L., R.L. Lewison, S.E. Roady, R. Kramer, D. 
Rigling-Gallagher, and A.J. Read. 2016. Comparing stakeholder perceptions with 
empirical outcomes from negotiated rulemaking policies:  Is participant 
satisfaction a proxy for policy success? Marine Policy 73:224-230.

Feel free to contact me if you have any questions or would like additional 
information.

Cheers,
Sara


*****************************
Sara McDonald, Ph.D.
SFW Fisheries Scientist
P 831-644-7510       
 
Monterey Bay Aquarium
886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940
www.montereybayaquarium.org
Our mission is to inspire conservation of the ocean. 


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