The following paper:
Place-based approaches to marine mammal conservation
by Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Erich Hoyt, Randall Reeves, Jeff Ardron,
Helene Marsh, Dag Vongraven and Bradley Barr
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 26 (Suppl. 2):85-100
DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2642
This Special Issue of Aquatic Conservation is dedicated to results from the
World Parks Congress, Sydney, December 2014:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.v26.S2/issuetoc
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.v26.S2/issuetoc>
All papers in the Special Issue are open access.
Abstract. 1. Place-based conservation can be an effective tool for addressing
threats to marine mammals, but this approach presents many challenges, such as
the dilemma of whether to aim for protection at appropriately large scales or
through networks of smaller protected areas, and how to address the
socio-economic conditions of human societies whose welfare may conflict with
marine mammal survival. 2. Protecting places to conserve marine mammals started
about 50 years ago, when the first parks and reserves were established to
protect the critical habitat of specific populations. However, the challenges
of protecting habitats that cross national borders and span oceans including
the high seas remain problematic. International cooperation is needed, e.g.
within the framework of multilateral environmental agreements such as the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention on Migratory
Species (CMS), as well as a potential new agreement through the UN Convention
on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). 3. Increasingly, the process of demarcating
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is being supported by other spatial designations,
including CBD’s Ecological or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs), the
International Maritime Organization’s Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs),
IUCN’s Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), and Biologically Important Areas (BIAs)
adopted by the USA and Australia. Recently, the Important Marine Mammal Areas
(IMMA) designation has been introduced by the IUCN Task Force on Marine Mammal
protected Areas. Such approaches have the potential to increase the protection
of marine mammals within the overarching approach of systematic marine spatial
planning. 4. Considering the attributes of marine mammals as sentinel, umbrella
and flagship species, it is likely that emerging place-based approaches that
incorporate IMMAs will not only benefit marine mammal populations, but also
contribute more generally to the conservation of marine and aquatic species and
ecosystems.
Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara
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