Dear Colleagues, we are quite happy to announce two new publications from our 
lab alums.  Please see below and let me know if you need .pdf’s.  best, Ellen


Cope, S, Hines, E, Bland, R, Davis, JD, Tougher, B, Zetterlind, V.  2021.  
Multi-sensor integration for an assessment of underwater radiated noise from 
common vessels in San Francisco Bay. Journal of the Acoustical Society of 
America. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003963
There is growing evidence that smaller vessels not required to broadcast data 
via the Automatic Identification System (AIS) contribute significant noise in 
urbanized coastal areas. The Marine Monitor (M2), a vessel tracking system that 
integrates AIS data with data collected via marine radar and high-definition 
camera, was employed to track all vessel types (regardless of AIS data 
availability) in a region of San Francisco Bay (SFB) where high-speed ferry, 
recreational, and commercial shipping traffic are common. Using a co-located 
hydrophone, source levels (SL) associated with 565 unique vessel passages were 
calculated and resultant cumulative daily sound exposure levels across the 
study area were modeled. Despite large ships primarily having the greatest SLs, 
ferries and motorized recreational craft contributed noise to the largest area 
in two frequency bands of interest. The M2 provided data without the need for 
an on-site observer and enabled a systematic analysis of all relevant vessel 
types which showed that non-AIS vessels should not be excluded from 
consideration, especially in a highly urbanized estuary like SFB. This research 
provides an assessment of underwater radiated noise from all common vessel 
types in SFB suitable for informing habitat quality and threat evaluation for 
local cetacean species.





Backe, K., Hines, E., Nielsen, K., George, D., Twohy, E., and M. Lowry.  2021. 
Effects of sea-level rise and storm enhanced flooding on Pacific harbor seal 
habitat: a comparison of haul-out changes at the Russian and Eel River 
Estuaries.  Aquatic Conservation https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3574



1.       Patterns and changes in the distribution of coastal marine mammals can 
serve as indicators of environmental change which fill critical information 
gaps in coastal and marine environments. Coastal habitats are particularly 
vulnerable to the effects of near-term sea-level rise.

2.       In California, Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) are a 
natural indicator species of coastal change due to their reliance on 
terrestrial habitats, abundance, distribution, and site fidelity. Pacific 
harbor seals are marine top predators that are easily observed while hauled out 
at terrestrial habitats which are essential for resting, pupping, and molting.

3.       While increasing inundation from recent sea-level rise and storm 
driven flooding has changed the California coastline, little is known about the 
effect of future sea-level rise and increased storm frequency and strength on 
harbor seal haul-out availability and quality in California.

4.       Harbor seal habitat was modeled at two sand bar-built estuaries under 
a series of likely sea-level rise and storm scenarios. The primary findings of 
these scenarios reveal that, over time, habitat at both estuaries decreased 
with increasing sea-level, and storm enhanced water levels contributed 
significantly to habitat flooding. These changes reflect pressures on coastal 
habitats that impact human and natural systems.

Ellen Hines, PhD
Associate Director and Professor of Geography & Environment
Estuary & Ocean Science Center
San Francisco State University
3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA
[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>
https://eoscenter.sfsu.edu/content/ellen-hines
**I formally acknowledge that I reside and work on occupied Tamyen Ohlone and 
Coastal Miwok land.




_______________________________________________
MARMAM mailing list
[email protected]
https://lists.uvic.ca/mailman/listinfo/marmam

Reply via email to