Dear colleagues,
On behalf of my co-author and myself, I am delighted to bring to your attention 
the publication of our last research published by the scientific journal Ocean 
& Coastal Management. This research leverages citizen science, satellite data, 
and AI to shed light on the ecology of killer whales in the Northeast Atlantic. 
Diaz Lopez, B & Methion, S., 2024. Killer whales habitat suitability in the 
Iberian Peninsula and the Gulf of Biscay: Implications for conservation, Ocean 
& Coastal Management, Volume 255,107245, ISSN 0964-5691.
Our article is available open until 27th August at: 
https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1jHXS3RKK--re4

Abstract: This study addresses existing gaps in our understanding of the 
ecology of killer whales by investigating their habitat use dynamics in the 
Atlantic coastal waters of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Gulf of 
Biscay. Despite previous research on their distribution during the Atlantic 
Bluefin tuna migration in the Strait of Gibraltar and adjacent waters, 
substantial knowledge gaps persist, particularly regarding their movement 
patterns beyond these regions and seasonal variations in habitat use. Utilizing 
killer whale occurrence records from 2020 to 2023 and considering environmental 
factors influencing prey presence, we employed seasonal spatial distribution 
models. MaxEnt models exhibited robust predictive performance, emphasizing 
distance to shore, depth, and sea surface temperature as key factors 
influencing killer whale habitat suitability. Spatial distribution patterns 
reveal a peak in coastal waters of the southern Iberian Peninsula and North 
Africa during winter and spring, with a significant shift northward and 
expansion during summer and autumn towards the Gulf of Biscay. This expansion 
suggests a broader distribution of killer whales in the Northeast Atlantic 
during warmer months, encompassing a diverse range of habitats. The research 
underscores a substantial interaction (47%) between killer whales and 
recreational vessels, posing concerns for both the killer whales and maritime 
safety. This study provides valuable insights on killer whale habitat use in 
the Atlantic waters from North Africa to the Gulf of Biscay, thereby supporting 
conservation and management efforts in the region.Keywords: Killer whales; 
Orcinus orca; MaxEnt models; Conservation; Human-wildlife interactions
Please feel free to contact me for further questions or to request a pdf copy 
at: [email protected]
Bruno Diaz Lopez Ph.DChief biologist and Director
The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute BDRI - www.thebdri.comAvenida 
Beiramar 192, O Grove 36980, Pontevedra, SpainTel. 0034 684248552
he/him/his
ResearchGate - GoogleScholar -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-3289
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