We have recently published the following open access paper:

Whitehead, H., C.M.K. Clarke and A. Eguiguren.2026. Sperm whales habituate to 
research vessels engaged in photoidentification. PLOS-ONE 21: e0348681. Journal 
article<https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0348681>
 Data<https://zenodo.org/records/20332000>

Abstract
Wildlife research has the potential to affect the subject animals. These 
effects can be problematic from ethical and management perspectives, as well as 
for the effectiveness of the research process itself. For individually-based 
behavioral research, repeated identifications are often necessary, which can 
lead to habituation or sensitization as animal responses to the researchers 
change over time because of learning. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) 
photoidentified off the Galápagos Islands became more tolerant of vessels 
engaged in photoidentification as they gained more experience of the vessels 
(as indicated by reductions in both the proportion of poor photographs taken 
and the range to the photographed whales). Thus, the whales habituated to the 
photoidentification process, making it more effective and suggesting little 
deleterious impact. Studies of habituation or sensitization should be carried 
out when wild animals are repeatedly exposed to disturbance from research 
activities.

Hal Whitehead, Dalhousie University ([email protected])

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