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> "As feminist reformers ramped up critiques against such practices, genital
> cutting was terminated in the early twentieth century in some places,
> especially Europe and North America. In other regions, especially where the
> practice was connected to much older grassroots traditions about gender
> roles, female genital mutilation continued without much change in attitude
> of the primarily female practitioners for much of the twentieth century. In
> some colonial African states, the practice became a form of gendered
> resistance to European occupation. Young women even took the step to
> self-circumcise as a way to mark their authentic local roots against
> evangelical missionaries' attempts to stamp out such 'god­less' practices.
>
>
>
> https://delanceyplace.com/view-archives.php?p=4047
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