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WSJ, April 27, 2020
The Secret Group of Scientists and Billionaires Pushing a Manhattan
Project for Covid-19
By Rob Copeland
A dozen of America’s top scientists and a collection of billionaires and
industry titans say they have the answer to the coronavirus pandemic,
and they found a backdoor to deliver their plan to the White House.
The eclectic group is led by a 33-year-old physician-turned-venture
capitalist, Tom Cahill, who lives far from the public eye in a
one-bedroom rental near Boston’s Fenway Park. He owns just one suit, but
he has enough lofty connections to influence government decisions in the
war against Covid-19.
These scientists and their backers describe their work as a lockdown-era
Manhattan Project, a nod to the World War II group of scientists who
helped develop the atomic bomb. This time around, the scientists are
marshaling brains and money to distill unorthodox ideas gleaned from
around the globe.
They call themselves Scientists to Stop Covid-19, and they include
chemical biologists, an immunobiologist, a neurobiologist, a
chronobiologist, an oncologist, a gastroenterologist, an epidemiologist
and a nuclear scientist. Of the scientists at the center of the project,
biologist Michael Rosbash, a 2017 Nobel Prize winner, said, “There’s no
question that I’m the least qualified.”
This group, whose work hasn’t been previously reported, has acted as the
go-between for pharmaceutical companies looking for a reputable link to
Trump administration decision makers. They are working remotely as an ad
hoc review board for the flood of research on the coronavirus, weeding
out flawed studies before they reach policy makers.
The group has compiled a confidential 17-page report that calls for a
number of unorthodox methods against the virus. One big idea is treating
patients with powerful drugs previously used against Ebola, with far
heftier dosages than have been tried in the past.
The Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Veterans Affairs
have already implemented specific recommendations, such as slashing
manufacturing regulations and requirements for specific coronavirus drugs.
National Institutes of Health Director Francis Collins told people this
month that he agreed with most of the recommendations in the report,
according to documents reviewed by The Wall Street Journal and people
familiar with the matter. The report was delivered to cabinet members
and Vice President Mike Pence, head of the administration’s coronavirus
task force.
Dr. Cahill’s primary asset is a young lifetime of connections through
his investment firm. They include such billionaires as Peter Thiel, Jim
Palotta and Michael Milken—financiers who afforded him the legitimacy to
reach officials in the middle of the crisis. Dr. Cahill and his group
have frequently advised Nick Ayers, Mr. Pence’s longtime aide, and
agency heads through phone calls over the past month.
No one involved with the group stands to gain financially. They say they
are motivated by the chance to add their own connections and levelheaded
science to a coronavirus battle effort that has, on both state and
federal levels, been strained.
“We may fail,” said Stuart Schreiber, a Harvard University chemist and a
member of the group. “But if it succeeds, it could change the world.”
Steve Pagliuca, co-owner of the Boston Celtics and the co-chairman of
Bain Capital—as well as one of Dr. Cahill’s investors—helped copy edit
drafts of their report, and he passed a version to Goldman Sachs Group
Inc. Chief Executive David Solomon. Mr. Solomon got it to Treasury
Secretary Steven Mnuchin.
The group’s members say they are aware that many of their ideas may not
be implemented, and could be ignored altogether by the Trump administration.
This account is based on interviews with scientists, businesspeople,
government officials, as well as a review of related documents.
Break out
Only two years ago, Dr. Cahill was studying for his M.D. and PhD. at
Duke University, conducting research on rare genetic diseases and
wearing $20 Costco slacks. He assumed he would continue the work after
graduation.
Instead, he reconnected with a friend who introduced him to a job at his
father’s company, the blue-chip investment firm the Raptor Group.
Dr. Cahill got hooked on investing, particularly in life sciences. He
reasoned he could make a bigger impact by identifying promising
scientists and helping them troubleshoot problems—both scientific and
financial—than doing research himself.
After a stint at Raptor, he formed his own fund, Newpath Partners, with
$125 million from a small group of wealthy investors, including Silicon
Valley stalwart Mr. Thiel and private-equity founders like Mr. Pagliuca.
They were attracted to his blunt approach, as well as his interest in
tackling intractable problems.
In early March, as the Covid-19 death toll mounted, Dr. Cahill was
intrigued and a little depressed with the state of research on the
virus. “Science and medicine were the furthest things removed from
everything happening,” he said.
His investors peppered him with questions about the virus, and he
organized a conference call to share some against-the-grain ideas on how
to accelerate drug development and the like. He expected about 20 people.
When Dr. Cahill tried to dial in the meeting, he was rejected because
the call had reached capacity. Then his cellphone buzzed from a New York
number. It was National Basketball Association Commissioner Adam Silver.
He, too, wanted the meeting’s access code. Dr. Cahill later gave him a
personal briefing.
Newpath’s deep-pocketed investor base had spread word of the call, and
hundreds of people were on the line, most of whom he had never met,
including Mr. Milken.
When he finally got on the call, Dr. Cahill took a deep breath and said
he had been working with friends to whittle down potential Covid-19
treatments to the most promising. He said he largely dropped his
investing work to focus on a hunt for a cure.
After an hour, he hung up and found his email inbox full of ideas and
offers to help, including from Mr. Milken’s team. “For the 50 years I’ve
been involved in medical research I have never seen collaboration as we
have today,” Mr. Milken said.
Dr. Cahill received a handful of notes from advisers to the vice
president. They also had been on the call.
The scientist-investor had gained a platform. All he needed was a plan.
Tracing contacts
One of Dr. Cahill’s first calls was to Mr. Schreiber, a founder of
several private companies.
Mr. Schreiber looped in a longtime friend, Edward Scolnick, former head
of research and development at pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co., where
he helped develop 28 new drugs and vaccines. Dr. Scolnick was blunt: A
vaccine would take at least 18 months to hit the market under normal
circumstances, he told Mr. Schreiber, “if you’re damn lucky.”
Mr. Schreiber responded, “What about six months?”
The team drew up a list of roughly two dozen companies that could
benefit from their recommendations and pledged to sell any shares in
them immediately. One early member said he couldn’t and was kicked out.
Much of the early work involved divvying up hundreds of scientific
papers on the crisis from around the world. They separated promising
ideas from dubious ones. Each member blazed through as many as 20 papers
a day, around 10 times the pace they would in their day jobs. They
gathered to debate via videoconference, text messages—“like a bunch of
teenagers,” Mr. Rosbash said—and phone calls.
Personal hygiene went by the wayside. Michael Lin, a Stanford University
neurobiologist, began disabling the camera on his phone to protect his
vanity. “A couple of days, I’ve had seven or eight Zoom meetings, which
will itself I’m sure cause some kind of disease,” joked David Liu, a
Harvard University chemical biologist.
Debates haven’t always been purely science. The group discussed, for
instance, whether to suggest that public-health authorities rename the
virus “SARS-2,” after the 2003 China animal virus. To them, the name
sounded scarier and might get more people to wear face masks. They
dropped it.
The team pledged to try to block out politics—not an easy task in the
noise and fury of a presidential election year.
Hydroxychloroquine, a malaria drug promoted by the president, was
dismissed after the group’s resident expert, Ben Cravatt of Scripps
Research in La Jolla, Calif., determined it was a long shot at best. The
drug received only a passing mention in the group’s final report.
The group also disparaged the idea of using antibody testing to allow
people back to work if their results showed they had recovered from the
virus. Mr. Cravatt, a chemical biologist, declared it “the worst idea
I’ve ever heard.” He said that prior exposure may not prevent people
from giving the virus to others, and that overemphasizing antibody
testing might tempt some people to intentionally infect themselves to
later obtain a clean bill of health.
The group’s initial three phases of recommendations, contained in its
report, center on leveraging the scale of the federal government. For
instance, buy medicines not yet proven effective as a way to encourage
manufacturers to ramp up production without worrying about losing money
if the drugs fail. Another is to slash the time required for a clinical
review of new drugs to a week from nine months or a year.
The group next needed to get their recommendations to the right people
in the Trump administration. For that, Dr. Cahill tapped another
well-placed billionaire.
An introduction
Brian Sheth, co-founder of private-equity firm Vista Equity Partners,
and a Democrat, had been watching the effort gather steam from his home
in Austin, Texas. He was an early investor in Dr. Cahill’s fund and had
been on the first call. His expertise was technology, though, not
immunology.
He had become friendly with Thomas Hicks Jr., the Dallas businessman and
co-chairman of the Republican National Committee. Mr. Sheth introduced
Mr. Hicks to Dr. Cahill’s group.
The connection cinched ties between a group of mostly liberal scientists
from left-leaning institutions with a Republican stalwart who hunts
birds with Donald Trump Jr.
In his first chat with the group, Mr. Hicks said, “I’m not a scientist.
Make it clear enough for me, and then tell me where the red tape is.”
A major concern of the scientists was the FDA. The scientists had in
their research identified monoclonal antibody drugs that latch onto
virus cells as the most promising treatment. But to make the medicine in
sufficient quantities, one drugmaker, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.,
would have to shift some of its existing manufacturing to Ireland. FDA
rules required a monthslong wait for approval.
Mr. Scolnick, who had tussled with bureaucracy during the AIDS epidemic,
tried reaching the FDA. The call ended poorly after the bureaucrats told
the group they already had the pandemic under control. In a group call
afterward, one of the scientists said, of the FDA: “They’re the problem
here.”
Dr. Cahill got in touch with Mr. Ayers. Once the group briefed the vice
president’s aide on the bottleneck, Mr. Ayers said he knew who to call.
That evening, March 27, Regeneron received a call from the FDA. They had
permission, starting immediately, to shift production to Dublin.
“That was proof positive that what we were doing was starting to work,”
Mr. Rosbash said.
The group also made inroads with the VA, the largest health care system
in the U.S. The scientists pushed the division’s medical staff to allow
veterans with Covid-19 to join existing studies in such areas as
prostate cancer, to see if already-approved drugs might be effective
against the virus. They spoke to the VA’s chief medical officer and
secretary about the proposal and learned the initiative was being
fast-tracked.
Mr. Pagliuca spoke to Charles Baker, the Republican governor of
Massachusetts, on the phone about the report. The governor, Mr. Pagliuca
said, planned to adopt elements of the plan.
With much of their scientific proposals under advisement, or already in
the process, the group has an eye on the post-Covid-19 world. Mr.
Pagliuca pushed the scientists to add a fourth phase to the
plan—reopening America.
The ideas include development of a saliva test, and scheduling tests at
the end of the workday so results are available by morning. They also
have suggested a nationwide smartphone app that requires residents to
confirm each day that they don’t have any of 14 symptoms of a cold or fever.
Group members have continued their discussions with administration
officials in recent days, hoping their confidential plan turns to action.
“We need the entire nation—government, business and science—to unite to
defeat this,” Mr. Pagliuca said.
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