Beethoven was a child of the Enlightenment and remained so his whole
life. Late eighteenth-century Bonn, where he was born, was steeped in
the most progressive thought of the age: Kant, the philosopher of
freedom, was a lively subject of discussion at the university, as was
his follower Friedrich Schiller, the poet of freedom, impassioned enemy
of tyrants everywhere. The young Beethoven was heavily influenced by
Eulogius Schneider, whose lectures he attended. One of the most
important of German Jacobins, Schneider was so radical that in 1791 he
was kicked out of the liberal University of Bonn, whereupon he joined
the Jacobin Club in Strasbourg. (There, he was appointed public
prosecutor for the Revolutionary Tribunal, enthusiastically sending
aristocrats to the guillotine—until he lost his own head a couple years
later.) Schneider’s republicanism stayed with Beethoven, but it was
Schiller whom Beethoven worshiped.
https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/the-revolutionary-beethoven
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