In August, twenty thousand black and white protesters marched through
Harlem chanting “Death to Fascism!” and “Italian and Negro people, unite
in a common front against war!” Union leaders, Communists,
Pan-Africanists, priests, and the Rabbi Michael Alpert all delivered
speeches before the Harlem rally—days after a hundred black and
pro-Fascist Italian residents battled each other with homemade weapons
in the streets of Jersey City. Black Communist Party members in Harlem
and Chicago’s South Side organized the Joint Committee for the Defense
of Ethiopia, and on August 31, 1934, Communist organizer Harry Haywood
defied rampant police violence to lead a series of spontaneous
demonstrations that blocked traffic and burned Mussolini in effigy. In
his memoir, Haywood wrote that “the defense of Ethiopia had now become a
fight for the streets of Chicago.” Communist-organized dock workers
refused to load Italian ships. In the famous, aptly named Abyssinian
Baptist Church, Adam Clayton Powell raised funds for Ethiopia while
delivering passionate speeches in support of the country’s resistance to
Fascism.
https://thebaffler.com/salvos/hidden-fighters-crabapple
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